Sheffield General Cemetery

The General Cemetery is a cemetery in the City of Sheffield, England that opened in 1836, and closed for burial in 1978.cite web | title=The Sheffield General Cemetery | work=Friends of the General Cemetery | url=http://www.gencem.org/index.html | accessmonthday=April 2 | accessyear=2005] It was the principal cemetery in Victorian Sheffield with over 87,000 burials. Today it is a conservation area (one of only six in South Yorkshire), and it is listed on the English Heritage National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.It is owned by the City of Sheffield and managed on behalf of them by local community group Sheffield General Cemetery Trust.

Location

The cemetery (gbmapping|SK342859) is located to the south-west of central Sheffield. It is in the district called Sharrow, on a north-facing hillside between Sharrow Vale and Sharrow Head. The Porter Brook runs along its north-western edge, the south-eastern boundary is Cemetery Road.

History

The General Cemetery was one of the first commercial landscape cemeteries in Britain. Its opening in 1836 as a Nonconformist cemetery was a response to the rapid growth of Sheffield and the relatively poor state of the town's churchyards. The cemetery, with its Greek Doric and Egyptian style buildings, was designed by Sheffield architect Samuel Worth (1779–1870) on the site of a former quarry. [Harman, R. & Minnis, J. (2004) "Pevsner City Guides: Sheffield", pp225–228. New Haven & London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-10585-1] Landscaping was managed by Robert Marnock, who also designed Sheffield Botanical Gardens (1836) and Weston Park (1873). The first burial was of Mary Ann Fish, a victim of tuberculosis. An Anglican cemetery was consecrated alongside the Nonconformist cemetery in 1846—the wall that divided the un-consecrated and consecrated ground can still be seen today. By 1916 the cemetery was rapidly filling up and running out of space, burials in family plots continued through the 1950s and 1960s, but by 1978 ownership of the cemetery had passed to Sheffield City Council and it was closed to all new burials. In 1980 the council got permission by Act of Parliament to clear 800 gravestones to make a recreation area. Through the 1980s and 1990s most of the rest of the cemetery was left untouched, becoming overgrown and an important sanctuary for local wildlife. Unfortunately, many of the buildings also fell into disrepair. In early 2003 work began to restore the gatehouse and catacombs funded by a £500,000 grant from the Heritage Lottery Fund. [cite web | title=Work starts on cemetery restoration | work=BBC News | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2740525.stm | accessmonthday=April 2 | accessyear=2005]

Notable buildings and structures

*The Gatehouse (Grade II* listed) [English Heritage (1995) [http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/search/details.aspx?pid=1&id=456203 Main Gateway and lodges to General Cemetery.] "Images of England" (accessed 11 February 2006).] is built directly over the Porter Brook in classical architecture with Egyptian features. The gateway resembles a Roman arch. It was possibly built over the river so that entering the cemetery was symbolic of the crossing of the river Styx in Greek mythology.
*The Egyptian Gate (Grade II* listed) [English Heritage (1970) [http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/search/details.aspx?pid=1&id=456202 Gateway to General Cemetery with screen and flanking walls.] "Images of England" (accessed 11 February 2006).] is the entrance to the cemetery on Cemetery Road. It is richly ornamented and possesses a sculpted gate bearing to coiled snakes holding their tails in their mouths.
*The Nonconformist chapel (Grade II* listed) [English Heritage (1970) [http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/search/details.aspx?pid=1&id=456235 Old Chapel at General Cemetery.] "Images of England" (accessed 11 February 2006).] is built in classical style with Egyptian features. The Sculpted panel above the door shows a dove, representing the Holy Ghost or the Holy Spirit. Stone steps lead down to a wall with catacomb-like entrances.
*The Anglican chapel (added in 1850; Grade II listed). [English Heritage (1970) [http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/search/details.aspx?pid=1&id=456205 New Chapel at General Cemetery.] "Images of England" (accessed 11 February 2006).] Designed in the Neo-Gothic style by William Flockton. Unlike the other buildings in the cemetery, the chapel was built in Gothic style rather than Classical or Egyptian. The building is distinctive in style due to its ogival windows, the porte-cochere and the spire. The spire is indeed far too big for the rest of the building, built purposely so that it would be seen from afar.
*The Registrar's house (Grade II listed) [English Heritage (1995) [http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/search/details.aspx?pid=1&id=456199 Montague house.] "Images of England" (accessed 11 February 2006).]
*The Catacombs. There are two rows of catacombs built into the hillside, this method of burial was unpopular and only ten bodies were laid to rest in the catacombs in the first 10 years.
*The Dissenters' Wall was built between 1848 and 1850. It divided the older Nonconformist part of the cemetery from the consecrated Anglican ground. The wall runs almost uninterrupted, from the perimeter wall on Cemetery Road to the path beside the Porter Brook at the bottom of the cemetery.

Notable burials

*George Bassett (1818–1886). Founder of The Bassett Company—the company that invented Liquorice Allsorts. Lord Mayor of Sheffield (1876).
*George Bennett (died 1841). Founder of the Sheffield Sunday School movement. The memorial to him (c.1850) is Grade II listed. [English Heritage (1998) [http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/search/details.aspx?pid=1&id=470260 George Bennet memorial in General Cemetery.] "Images of England" (accessed 11 February 2006).]
*John, Thomas, and Skelton Cole. Founders of Sheffield's Cole Brothers department store in 1847—now part of the John Lewis Partnership.
*Francis Dickinson (1830–1898). One of the soldiers who fought in the Charge of the Light Brigade during the Crimean war.
*William Dronfield (1824–1891). Founder of the United Kingdom Alliance of Organised Trades, which inspired the creation of the Trades Union Congress.
*Mark Firth (25 April 1819–28 November 1880). Steel manufacturer, Master Cutler (1867), Lord Mayor of Sheffield (1874), and founder of Firth College in 1870 (later University of Sheffield). The monument to Mark Firth is Grade II listed, [English Heritage (1970) [http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/search/details.aspx?pid=1&id=456206 Monument to Mark Firth 60m east of New Chapel at General Cemetery.] "Images of England" (accessed 11 February 2006).] the railings that surround it were made at Firth's Norfolk Works.
*John Fowler. Father of the designer of the Forth Rail Bridge (also called John).
*John Gunson (1809–1886). Chief engineer of the Sheffield Water Company at the time of the collapse of Dale Dyke Dam on 11 March 1864, which resulted in the Great Sheffield Flood. Samuel Harrison, who documented the flood, and 77 of the flood's victims are also buried in the cemetery.
*Samuel Holberry (1816–1842). A leading figure in the Chartist movement.
*Isaac Ironside (1808–1870). Chartist and local politician.
*James Montgomery (1771–1854). Poet/Publisher. The grave and Grade II listed monument to James Montgomery, were moved to the grounds of Sheffield Cathedral in 1971. [English Heritage (1973) [http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/search/details.aspx?pid=1&id=456250 Statue of James Montgomery 12m east of Cathedral.] "Images of England" (accessed 11 February 2006).]
*James Nicholson (died 1909). Prominent Sheffield industrialist. The memorial that he commissioned for himself and his family c.1872 is Grade II listed. [English Heritage (1998) [http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/search/details.aspx?pid=1&id=470259 James Nicholson Memorial in General Cemetery.] "Images of England" (accessed 11 February 2006).]
*William Parker, merchant. The monument to William Parker, erected in 1837 by the merchants and manufacturers of Sheffield, is Grade II listed. [English Heritage (1970) [http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/search/details.aspx?pid=1&id=456236 Monument to William Parker 40m south-west of Old Chapel at General Cemetery.] "Images of England" (accessed 11 February 2006).]

References

External links

* [http://www.gencem.org/ Sheffield General Cemetery]
* [http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~engsheffield/photos/cems/plangencem.htm Plan of the General Cemetery]