Clara Brett Martin

Clara Brett Martin
Born	25 January 1874(1874-01-25) Toronto, Ontario
Died	30 October 1923(1923-10-30) (aged 49) Toronto, Ontario
Occupation	lawyer

Clara Brett Martin (25 January 1874 – 30 October 1923), born to Abram and Elizabeth Martin, a well-to-do Anglican-Irish family, opened the way for women to become lawyers in Canada by being the first in the British Empire in 1897.

In 1888, Martin was accepted to Trinity College in Toronto. And in 1890, Martin graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics at the age of sixteen, which was almost unheard of because of the masculinity associated with that field.^[1]

In 1891, Martin submitted a petition to the Law Society of Upper Canada to permit her to become a student member, a prerequisite to articling as a clerk, attending lectures and sitting the exams required to receive a certificate of fitness to practice as a solicitor.

Her petition was rejected by the Law Society after contentious debate, with the Special Committee reviewing the petition interpreting the statute which incorporated the Law Society as permitting only men to be admitted to the practice of law. W.D. Balfour sponsored a bill that provided that the word "person" in the Law Society's statute should be interpreted to include females as well as males. Martin’s cause was also supported by prominent women of the day including Emily Stowe and Lady Aberdeen. With the support of the Premier, Oliver Mowat, legislation was passed on April 13, 1892, and permitted the admission of women as solicitors. As Canada prepared to enter the 20th century, women were barred from participation in, let alone any influence on or control over, the legal system at its fullest -- women could not be voters, legislators, coroners, magistrates, judges or jurors. They were visible in the courts as litigants, witnesses & accused persons.

In later life, Martin ran for Toronto City Council in Ward 2 but was defeated in the 1920 municipal election.

In 1989, the provincial government announced that Martin was to be honoured by having the building housing the Ministry of the Attorney General named after her. The government revoked the honour after an anti-Semitic letter written by her in 1915 came to light.^[2]

See also

• Cornelia Sorabji in India
• Eliza Orme in England
• Ethel Benjamin
• Ivy Williams

References

1. ^ Constance Backhouse. Petticoats and Prejudice. Canadian Scholars Press. 1991. 297-299.
2. ^ http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/PrinterFriendly.cfm?Params=A1ARTFET_E75

External links

• Stanford Women's Legal History Project page
• T. Brettel Dawson, "Clara Brett Martin Revisited", Women, Law and Social Change (4th ed.); includes numerous references to other sources
• Clara Brett Martin at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online

Persondata
Name	Martin, Clara Brett
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	25 January 1874
Place of birth	Toronto, Ontario
Date of death	30 October 1923
Place of death	Toronto, Ontario