Lancia LC2

Racing car


Category = Group C | Car_name = Lancia LC2
Constructor = Lancia
(with Abarth and Dallara) | Team = flagicon|ITA Martini Racing
flagicon|ITA Mussato Action Car
flagicon|ITA Dollop Racing
Designer = flagicon|ITA Gian Paolo Dallara
Drivers = flagicon|ITA Michele Alboreto
flagicon|ITA Riccardo Patrese
flagicon|ITA Teo Fabi
flagicon|ITA Alessandro Nannini
flagicon|ITA Paolo Barilla
flagicon|ITA Mauro Baldi
flagicon|ITA Pierluigi Martini
flagicon|ITA Andrea de Cesaris
flagicon|ITA Bruno Giacomelli
flagicon|DEU Hans Heyer
flagicon|FRA Bob Wollek
Test drivers =
Chassis = Aluminium monocoque
Front suspension = Double wishbone suspension, coil-spring over damper
Rear suspension = Double wishbone suspension, coil-spring over damper
Engine position = mid-mounted
Engine name = Ferrari 308C
Capacity = 2599 cc/3014 cc
Turbo/NA = Twin-turbocharged
Configuration = V8.
Gearbox name = Hewland (Abarth-cased from 1984)
Gears = 5-speed
Type = manual transmission
Differential =
Tyres = Pirelli, Dunlop, Michelin
Fuel = | Debut = 1983 1000 km of Monza
Races = 51
Cons_champ = 0
Drivers_champ = 0
Wins = 3
Poles = 13
Fastest_laps = 11
Last_season = 1991
The Lancia LC2 (sometimes referred to as a Lancia-Ferrari) was a series of racing cars built by Italian automobile manufacturer Lancia and powered by engines built by their sister company Ferrari. They were part of Lancia's official factory-backed effort in the World Sportscar Championship from 1983 to 1986, although they continued to be used by privateer teams until 1991. They were also the company's first car meeting the FIA's new Group C regulations for sports prototypes.cite web | url = http://www.classicdriver.com/uk/magazine/3200.asp?id=12127 | title = Lancia LC2 - Into the Lion's Den | publisher = Auto Italia | date = August 2004 | accessdate = 2007-12-04]

More powerful than its primary competitor, the Porsche 956, the LC2s were able to secure multiple pole positions during their three and a half seasons with the factory Martini Racing squad. However, reliability and more notably fuel consumption hampered the LC2's efforts for race wins against Porsche. LC2s earned three race victories over their lifetime in the hands of Italian drivers Teo Fabi, Riccardo Patrese, Alessandro Nannini, and Mauro Baldi, as well as German Hans Heyer and Frenchman Bob Wollek.

Development

In 1982, the new Group C regulations were introduced to the World Championship. This rule set required teams to use coupé-style cars that had to be able to meet a fuel economy standard mandated at convert|100|km|mi|1 for every convert|60|L|USgal of fuel.citeweb | url = http://www.mulsannescorner.com/history.htm | title = An Encapsulated History of Sports Car Racing | publisher = Mulsanne's Corner | accessdate = 2008-03-25] The Lancia LC1, which had been built to the older Group 6 regulations, initially competed in 1982, but had to be replaced in order for Lancia to earn constructors' points in the World Championship, now open to Group C cars only in 1983. [citeweb | url = http://www.legendmotors.fr/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=381&language=en | title = Lancia LC1 Group 6 Spider 1982 | publisher = Racing Vintage | accessdate = 2008-03-28] Besides the fact that the LC1 had an open-cockpit, the turbocharged straight-4 Lancia engine it had used was not capable of achieving the fuel economy necessary in the new Group C regulations, requiring Lancia to also seek a new powerplant.cite web | url = http://www.ultimatecarpage.com/car/248/Lancia-LC2.html | title = Lancia LC2 | publisher = UltimateCarPage.com | accessdate = 2007-12-04] Under the direction of Cesare Fiorio, Lancia began to work on the LC1's replacement.Lancia lacked a production engine large enough to base a racing engine on, leaving the company to turn to outside sources. Since Lancia were owned by the Fiat Group, they were able to seek the assistance of fellow Fiat company Ferrari. Ferrari allowed Lancia to adapt the new naturally-aspirated Auto litres|3.0|0 four valve V8 which had been introduced in the Ferrari 308 GTBi QV in 1982. The engine was reduced in capacity to Auto litres|2.6|0 and two KKK turbochargers were added to help the engine provide the fuel economy and power necessary. The specific engine displacement was chosen because of the possibility of using the same engine in the North American CART series. The engine was initially connected to a Hewland five-speed manual gearbox, which was replaced by an Abarth-cased unit in 1984.cite book
last = Hamilton | first = Maurice (ed.) | title = Autocourse 1984–1985 | publisher = Hazleton Publishing |date=1984 |pages=p.234 | id = ISBN 0-905138-32-5 ] citeweb | url = http://www.gurneyflap.com/lancialc2.html | title = Lancia LC2 | publisher = Gurney Flap | author = Remi Hubert | accessdate = 2008-03-28]

Design work on the chassis was split between Italian specialist racing car manufacturers Abarth and Dallara, the latter of which built the aluminium monocoque and the kevlar and carbon fibre bodywork in their factory. The LC2 featured a large intake for the radiators in the center of the nose of the car just as the LC1 had,citeweb | url = http://www.slotracinglemans.com/newforum/cars.php?action=car&carid=80&modid=145 | title = Cars & Models Lancia LC2 | publisher = 1/24 Slot Racing Le Mans | accessdate = 2008-03-28] unlike the contemporary Porsche 956s which drew all their air from behind and to the sides of the cockpit. This air was also directed through the side bodywork to feed the intercoolers for the turbochargers. Inlets for the rear brake cooling ducts were also integrated onto the side bodywork of the car, immediately behind the doors. At the rear, a pontoon-style design was adapted to the fenders with the large wing bridging across the pontoons. The rear diffusers exited between the pontoons and underneath the wing.

The LC2s were modified over their lifetime, with a multitude of modifications being made each season to the cars' aerodynamics, including adapting brake duct inlets beneath the headlights. The Ferrari V8 was modified in 1984, bringing the displacement back up to 3.0-litres in an attempt to increase reliability and horsepower while improved engine electronics from Magneti Marelli allowed the larger engine to use the same amount of fuel as the previous version. In total, seven LC2s were built under the direction of Lancia, while a further two were built for Gianni Mussato without official backing after the program had ended. [citeweb | url = http://wsrp.ic.cz/chassis/chassis_lancia.html | title = Lancia Chassis Numbers | publisher = World Sports Racing Prototypes | date = 1 October 2005 | accessdate = 2008-02-27]

Racing history

1983

The LC2s made their debut at the beginning of the 1983 season, being run under the Martini Racing name and painted in the Martini & Rossi colors, as well as initially using Italian Pirelli radial tyres. The first race of the season was also Lancia's home event, the 1000 km of Monza. The LC2 proved more powerful than the 956s, taking the pole position by nearly a second over Joest Racing's 956. However tyre problems took the leading Lancia out of the lead of the race, and the second team car finished twelve laps behind the winning 956.citeweb | url = http://wsrp.ic.cz/wsc1983.html | title = FIA World Endurance Championship 1983 | publisher = World Sports Racing Prototypes | date = 5 October 2005 | accessdate = 2007-12-05]

Tyre problems and engine reliability hampered the LC2s all season; the Pirelli tyres were eventually replaced with British Dunlop crossply tyres, although the car's suspension had been optimised for the Italian product. Neither car managed to finish a race again until the fifth round, the 1000 km of Spa. There the two Martini Racing LC2s as well as the privateer Mirabella LC2 all finished, but only after suffering various difficulties that dropped them from contention earlier in the race. The LC2s finally ran reliably at the European Endurance Championship round at Brands Hatch, where Michele Alboreto and Riccardo Patrese finished fourth.citeweb | url = http://wsrp.ic.cz/mesport1983.html | title = European Endurance Championship 1983 | publisher = World Sports Racing Prototypes | date = 2 October 2005 | accessdate = 2007-12-05] Lancia chose not to participate in the World Sportscar event in Japan, instead running the European Endurance event at Imola. The choice paid off as Teo Fabi and Hans Heyer earned the LC2 its first victory, although the factory Porsche team had not participated in this event. Lancia finished off the season with back-to-back second place finishes at Mugello and Kyalami. Even with their difficulties Lancia took second place in the World Constructors Championship, although they earned only 32 points to Porsche's 100. [citeweb | url = http://wspr-racing.com/wspr/results/wscc/tablemsmakes.html#1983- | title = 1983 World Endurance Championship | publisher = World Sports Prototype Racing | accessdate = 2007-12-05]

1984

The revised LC2s appeared once again at the 1000 km of Monza to start the 1984 season, with suspension redesigned to work with the Dunlop tyres. Lancia opened the season with a podium finish,citeweb | url = http://wsrp.ic.cz/wsc1984.html | title = FIA World Endurance Championship 1984 | publisher = World Sports Racing Prototypes | date = 2 October 2005 | accessdate = 2007-10-02] followed by another pole position at Silverstone which led to a fourth place finish. For the 24 Hours of Le Mans, both cars qualified on the front row and led at mid-race, only for problems with the gearboxes on both cars to lose the team their lead. Bob Wollek and Alessandro Nannini at least proved the potential reliability of the LC2 by completing the full race distance and finishing in eighth position. The team took a brief hiatus after Brands Hatch, returning for Imola once again but they were unable to repeat their previous performance, both cars crashing out. Lancia once again skipped Fuji, returning for Kyalami where they took a 1-2 finish. Although the LC2 earned its second win, none of the major Porsche teams attended the event. Unable to challenge further for the Constructors or Drivers Championships, the team did not attend the final round of the year. Although the cars were fast, over the year "Autocourse" concluded that the team had had so many different problems that poor preparation must be the cause.

1985

1985 was a year in which Martini Racing needed to show the potential winning capabilities of the LC2 in order for Lancia to continue to fund a project that had seen limited success thus far. The cars were further revised and were running on Michelin radial tyres. The season opened with an LC2 taking pole position at Mugello by 1.7 seconds ahead of the factory Porsche. Although the pole position car's engine did not last, the other team car finished fourth.cite web | url = http://wsrp.ic.cz/wsc1985.html | title = FIA World Endurance Championship 1985 | publisher = World Sports Racing Prototypes | date = 2 October 2007 | accessdate = 2007-12-05] For the 1000 km of Monza, the LC2s were nearly four seconds ahead of the closest Porsche in qualifying, and led the race early on. However, while Patrese and Nannini were in third place and on the same lap as the leaders, a tree fell across the track and caused the race to be stopped early. On pole once again at Silverstone, one of the LC2s was in the lead of the race until a wheel bearing failure in the closing laps forced Nannini to pit, forfeiting the lead. Although the LC2s did not take pole at Le Mans, they lead the race early. Reliability issues again forced the team to drop out of the lead. They eventually finished the race in sixth and seventh places. A fuel pump failure also dropped the team out of contention at the Hockenheimring.The team was competitive throughout the race at Spa, with the LC2 of Wollek, Patrese, and Mauro Baldi leading the factory Porsche towards the end of the event. The Lancia were leading when the race organisers chose to end the race out of respect for driver Stefan Bellof who had been killed in an accident earlier in the event. Even with the shortened race, Lancia were able to celebrate their first victory over the factory Rothmans Porsche team. The following event, the 1000 km of Brands Hatch, saw the LC2s leading en route to a potential win, only to hit one another and finish third and fourth. Once again unable to challenge Porsche in the championships, Lancia chose not to participate in the final two rounds. However they still earned second in the Teams Championship, just ahead of the privateer Joest Racing Porsche.

1986

Seeing some remaining potential in the LC2, Lancia allowed the project to continue into 1986, but only as a one-car effort. The year opened with a sprint event at Monza, with the speed of the LC2 allowing it to take second place, less than a minute behind the winning Rothmans Porsche.citeweb | url = http://wsrp.ic.cz/wsc1986.html | title = FIA World Sports-Prototype Championship 1986 | publisher = World Sports Racing Prototypes | date = 2 October 2005 | accessdate = 2007-12-05] The first endurance event at Silverstone however saw a return of the LC2's reliability problems, as the fuel pump failed and the car was unable to finish. Feeling the cars were still not reliable enough nor fuel efficient enough to compete with the evolved Porsche 962C, Lancia determined that the project was no longer worth supporting, and Martini Racing pulled out of the championship. Lancia turned their full attention instead to their efforts in the World Rally Championship.

Privateers

Privateer teams initially attempted to carry on with older LC2 chassis. Gianni Mussato unsuccessfully entered two races in 1986 before leaving the championship, returning for one-off appearances in 1987 and 1988. The Mussato car moved to Dollop Racing later in 1988, where it was again unsuccessful and failed to finish any of the races that season. [citeweb | url = http://wsrp.ic.cz/wsc1988.html | title = FIA World Sports-Prototype Championship 1988 | publisher = World Sports Racing Prototypes | date = 2 October 2005 | accessdate = 2008-02-23] Mussato returned in 1989 with a newly built LC2, but once again the car struggled to finish any races during the season. [citeweb | url = http://wsrp.ic.cz/wsc1989.html | title = FIA World Sports-Prototype Championship 1989 | publisher = World Sports Racing Prototypes | date = 2 October 2005 | accessdate = 2008-02-23] His team made a final attempt in 1990, running just the 24 Hours of Le Mans, but the outcome was the same. [citeweb | url = http://wsrp.ic.cz/nonchamp1990.html | title = Non Championship Races 1990 | publisher = World Sports Racing Prototypes | date = 2 October 2005 | accessdate = 2008-02-23] Even into 1991, the Veneto Equipe team turned to the LC2 to contend the World Sportscar Championship. As with all previous privateer efforts the car was unable to compete, failing to even qualify for some of the races, let alone finish them. [citeweb | url = http://wsrp.ic.cz/wsc1991.html | title = FIA Sportscar World Championship 1991 | publisher = World Sports Racing Prototypes | date = 2 October 2005 | accessdate = 2008-02-23]

References

External links

* [http://wsrp.ic.cz/chassis/chassis_lancia.html World Sports Racing Prototypes] - Lancia Chassis Numbers
* [http://www.gurneyflap.com/lancialc2.html Gurney Flap] - 1985 Lancia LC2 interior and exterior photos and history.