Gowrie

Gowrie ( _gd. Gobharaidh) is a region and ancient province of Scotland, covering most of the eastern part of what became Perthshire. The province is the home of such ancient Scottish royal sites as Scone and perhaps Forteviot.

Its chief settlement is the town of Perth. Today it is most often associated with the Carse of Gowrie, the part of Gowrie south of the Sidlaw Hills running east of Perth to Dundee.

Etymology

It is usually written as "Goverin" or "Gouerin" in the Latin of the Middle Ages. The Old Gaelic terms "Circinn" and "Mag Gerghinn" (and variants), may be related; but Circinn is often identified with the Mearns because Fordoun, Mearns, was said to have been in this area. [See Watson, "Celtic Place-Names", pp. 108-9.] Alex Woolf and William J. Watson both implied that the name derived from the Cenél nGabraín. [Watson, "Celtic Place-Names", pp. 112-3; Woolf, "From Pictland to Alba", pp. 227-8.] The modern Gaelic for the province is "Gobharaidh"; unless it is derived from Gerghinn or Circinn, the earlier Gaelic form is not recorded in Gaelic orthography.

Geography

Gowrie contains some of the best farmland in the whole of Scotland, a key to explaining its importance in Scottish history. [McNeill & MacQueen (eds.), "Atlas", p. 15.] The Carse of Gowrie, the southern part of the region, has traditionally been called the "Garden of Scotland". [MacGregor & Oram, "Atholl and Gowrie", p. xv.]

Coupar, the location of Coupar Angus Abbey, lay at the borders of Angus with Gowrie, originally on the Gowrie side. [Grant', "Thanes and Thanages", p78.] Blairgowrie, "Plain of Gowrie", was recorded as "Blair in Gowrie" in 1604, and presumably the "Blair" ("plain") element has "-gowrie" attached to it to distinguish it from "Blair" in Atholl, i.e. Blair Atholl. [Ross, "Scottish Place-Names", p30.] Abernethy, where the cross of MacDuff marked the boundary of the kindred, was probably the boundary between Fothriff and Gowrie.

The following is a list of modern settlements and places of interest in the province:

It should be noted that Forteviot, physically in Strathearn, was included in the St Andrews deanery of Gowrie. It is unclear if Gowrie was thought to include places such as Dunkeld or the province of Stormont; it is likely that Gowrie's boundaries may have conceptually fluctuated according to various political changes over time. [ [http://www.visitrannoch.com/perthshire2.htm http://www.visitrannoch.com/perthshire2.htm] ]

History

The Scottish royal coronation site was located in this province, at Scone. Containing sites such as Scone and Forteviot, and perhaps originally Abernethy, it was clearly the core province of the early Kingdom of Scotland. In the 12th century, when detailed records begin, the king possessed four royal manors in the province; these manors were Scone, Strathardle, Longforgan, and Coupar. [Barrow, "Acts of Malcolm IV", p. 266; Grant, "Thanes and Thanages", p. 46.] Those four royal manors were held by the crown in addition to the rest of the province, which the king held as mormaer ("earl"). [Grant, "Thanes and Thanages", p. 54.]

In either the reign of Alexander I or David I a burgh was founded in the province, located at Perth. It also had a sheriff, called the "Sheriff of Gowrie" or "Sheriff of Scone", from the 1130s until at least 1228. [Duncan, "Kingship", p. 83; Duncan, "Making", pp. 168-9.] It is not clear if this sheriff was originally distinct from the "Sheriff of Perth", as Perth and Scone were often thought of as the same location, being only two miles apart; if they were originally distinct, they were not so by the following century. [Reid & Barrow, "Sheriffs of Scotland", p. 33.]

There are "judices", "Brehons", of the province of Gowrie recorded from the 12th century into the 14th century. These men were the specialist lawmen for the province, who preserved legal knowledge relevant to the provincial community, and it is likely that every province of Scotland had lawmen designated for such purposes. [Barrow, "The Judex<", pp. 57-67.]

Ecclesiastically, Gowrie was largely controlled by the Bishop of St Andrews; a Dean of Gowrie existed under the said bishop. [Watt & Murray, "Fasti Ecclesiae", pp. 409-10.] Half a dozen or so of the parish churches in Gowrie were under the control of the bishops of Dunblane and Dunkeld; this meant that Deans of Gowrie also existed for these two dioceses, though no Dean of Gowrie was recorded for the diocese of Dunblane. [McNeill & MacQueen (eds.), "Atlas", pp. 348-9, 352, 353; Watt & Murray, "Fasti Ecclesiae", p. 106.]

Gowrie was recreated as an earldom for William Ruthven, Lord Ruthven in 1581.John Ruthven, 3rd Earl of Gowrie, the second son of William Ruthven, was involved in the famous Gowrie Conspiracy of 1600, which led to the forfeiture of the earldom. [Juhala, "Ruthven, John".]

Notes

References

* Barrow, G. W. S. (ed.), "The Acts of Malcolm IV", (Regesta Regum Scottorum, Volume I, Edinburgh, 1960)
* Barrow, G.W.S., "The "Judex", in G. W. S. Barrow (ed.) "The Kingdom of the Scots", (Edinburgh, 2003), pp. 57–67
* Duncan, A. A. M., "The Kingship of the Scots 842–1292: Succession and Independence", (Edinburgh, 2002)
* Duncan, A. A. M., "Scotland: The Making of the Kingdom", (Edinburgh, 1975)
* Grant, Alexander, "Thanes and Thanages, from the eleventh to the Fourteenth Centuries" in A. Grant & K. Stringer (eds.), "Medieval Scotland: Crown, Lordship and Community, Essays Presented to G.W.S. Barrow", (Edinburgh, 1993), pp. 39-81
* Juhala, Amy L., "Ruthven, John, third earl of Gowrie (1577/8–1600)", "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography", Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/24371 , accessed 11 Nov 2007]
* MacGregor, Lindsay J., & Oram, Richard, "Atholl and Gowrie: North Perthshire, A Historical Guide", (Edinburgh, 2000)
* Reid, N. H., & Barrow, G. W. S., "The Sheriffs of Scotland: An Interim List to C.1306", (St. Andrews, 2002)
* Ross, David, "Scottish Place-Names", (Edinburgh, 2001)
* Watson, W.J., "The Celtic Place-Names of Scotland", (Edinburgh, 1926) reprinted, with an Introduction, full Watson bibliography and corrigenda by Simon Taylor (Edinburgh, 2004)
* Woolf, Alex, "From Pictland to Alba, 789-1070", (Edinburgh, 2007)