HMGCR

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A reductase, also known as HMGCR, is a human gene.

PBB_Summary
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summary_text = HMG-CoA reductase is the rate-limiting enzyme for cholesterol synthesis and is regulated via a negative feedback mechanism mediated by sterols and non-sterol metabolites derived from mevalonate, the product of the reaction catalyzed by reductase. Normally in mammalian cells this enzyme is suppressed by cholesterol derived from the internalization and degradation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) via the LDL receptor. Competitive inhibitors of the reductase induce the expression of LDL receptors in the liver, which in turn increases the catabolism of plasma LDL and lowers the plasma concentration of cholesterol, an important determinant of atherosclerosis.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: HMGCR 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A reductase| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3156| accessdate = ]

References

Further reading

PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Hodge VJ, Gould SJ, Subramani S, "et al." |title=Normal cholesterol synthesis in human cells requires functional peroxisomes. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=181 |issue= 2 |pages= 537–41 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1755834 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Ramharack R, Tam SP, Deeley RG |title=Characterization of three distinct size classes of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase mRNA: expression of the transcripts in hepatic and nonhepatic cells. |journal=DNA Cell Biol. |volume=9 |issue= 9 |pages= 677–90 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1979742 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Clarke PR, Hardie DG |title=Regulation of HMG-CoA reductase: identification of the site phosphorylated by the AMP-activated protein kinase in vitro and in intact rat liver. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=9 |issue= 8 |pages= 2439–46 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2369897 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Luskey KL, Stevens B |title=Human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Conserved domains responsible for catalytic activity and sterol-regulated degradation. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=260 |issue= 18 |pages= 10271–7 |year= 1985 |pmid= 2991281 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Humphries SE, Tata F, Henry I, "et al." |title=The isolation, characterisation, and chromosomal assignment of the gene for human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, (HMG-CoA reductase). |journal=Hum. Genet. |volume=71 |issue= 3 |pages= 254–8 |year= 1986 |pmid= 2998972 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Beg ZH, Stonik JA, Brewer HB |title=Phosphorylation and modulation of the enzymic activity of native and protease-cleaved purified hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase by a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=262 |issue= 27 |pages= 13228–40 |year= 1987 |pmid= 3308873 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Osborne TF, Goldstein JL, Brown MS |title=5' end of HMG CoA reductase gene contains sequences responsible for cholesterol-mediated inhibition of transcription. |journal=Cell |volume=42 |issue= 1 |pages= 203–12 |year= 1985 |pmid= 3860301 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Lindgren V, Luskey KL, Russell DW, Francke U |title=Human genes involved in cholesterol metabolism: chromosomal mapping of the loci for the low density lipoprotein receptor and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase with cDNA probes. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=82 |issue= 24 |pages= 8567–71 |year= 1986 |pmid= 3866240 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Lehoux JG, Kandalaft N, Belisle S, Bellabarba D |title=Characterization of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in human adrenal cortex. |journal=Endocrinology |volume=117 |issue= 4 |pages= 1462–8 |year= 1985 |pmid= 3896758 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Boguslawski W, Sokolowski W |title=HMG-CoA reductase activity in the microsomal fraction from human placenta in early and term pregnancy. |journal=Int. J. Biochem. |volume=16 |issue= 9 |pages= 1023–6 |year= 1984 |pmid= 6479432 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Harwood HJ, Schneider M, Stacpoole PW |title=Measurement of human leukocyte microsomal HMG-CoA reductase activity. |journal=J. Lipid Res. |volume=25 |issue= 9 |pages= 967–78 |year= 1984 |pmid= 6491541 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Nguyen LB, Salen G, Shefer S, "et al." |title=Deficient ileal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in sitosterolemia: sitosterol is not a feedback inhibitor of intestinal cholesterol biosynthesis. |journal=Metab. Clin. Exp. |volume=43 |issue= 7 |pages= 855–9 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8028508 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Bennis F, Favre G, Le Gaillard F, Soula G |title=Importance of mevalonate-derived products in the control of HMG-CoA reductase activity and growth of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. |journal=Int. J. Cancer |volume=55 |issue= 4 |pages= 640–5 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8406993 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Van Doren M, Broihier HT, Moore LA, Lehmann R |title=HMG-CoA reductase guides migrating primordial germ cells. |journal=Nature |volume=396 |issue= 6710 |pages= 466–9 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9853754 |doi= 10.1038/24871
*cite journal | author=Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, "et al." |title=Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=22 |issue= 3 |pages= 231–8 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10391209 |doi= 10.1038/10290
*cite journal | author=Aboushadi N, Engfelt WH, Paton VG, Krisans SK |title=Role of peroxisomes in isoprenoid biosynthesis. |journal=J. Histochem. Cytochem. |volume=47 |issue= 9 |pages= 1127–32 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10449533 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Honda A, Salen G, Honda M, "et al." |title=3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase activity is inhibited by cholesterol and up-regulated by sitosterol in sitosterolemic fibroblasts. |journal=J. Lab. Clin. Med. |volume=135 |issue= 2 |pages= 174–9 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10695663 |doi= 10.1067/mlc.2000.104459
*cite journal | author=Istvan ES, Palnitkar M, Buchanan SK, Deisenhofer J |title=Crystal structure of the catalytic portion of human HMG-CoA reductase: insights into regulation of activity and catalysis. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=19 |issue= 5 |pages= 819–30 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10698924 |doi= 10.1093/emboj/19.5.819
*cite journal | author=Istvan ES, Deisenhofer J |title=Structural mechanism for statin inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase. |journal=Science |volume=292 |issue= 5519 |pages= 1160–4 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11349148 |doi= 10.1126/science.1059344
*cite journal | author=Rasmussen LM, Hansen PR, Nabipour MT, "et al." |title=Diverse effects of inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase on the expression of VCAM-1 and E-selectin in endothelial cells. |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=360 |issue= Pt 2 |pages= 363–70 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11716764 |doi=

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