List of rulers of Baden

List of rulers of Baden

Baden was a state of the Holy Roman Empire and later one of the German states along the frontier with France primarily consisting of territory along the right bank of the Rhine opposite Alsace and the Palatinate.

The territory evolved out of the Breisgau, an early medieval county in the Duchy of Swabia. A continuous sequence of counts is known since 962; the counts belong to the House of Zähringen. In 1061, the counts first acquired the additional title of margraves of Verona. Even though they lost the March of Verona soon thereafter, they kept the title of margrave. In 1112, the title of Margrave of Baden was first used.

For most of the early modern period, the Baden lands were divided into two parts, one ruled by the Catholic Margraves of Baden-Baden, and the other by the Protestant Margraves of Baden-Durlach. In 1771, the main Baden-Baden line became extinct, and all of the Baden lands came under the rule of Baden-Durlach.

During the Napoleonic era, in the imperial reorganisation of 1803, Baden gained a great deal of additional territory, and its rulers were made one of the few prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire. However, this pre-eminent dignity lasted only for three years, until the end of the Empire in August of 1806, eight months after the crushing Battle of Austerlitz. Consequently, in that year, the Margraves took on the title of Grand Duke of Baden, and gained additional territory. The Grand Duchy, within approximately the borders of 1806, continued to exist until the fall of the German monarchies in 1918, when it became a republic.

Contents

Counts in Breisgau

  • Berthold I before 962982
  • Berthold II 9821005/06
  • Berthold III 1005/061024
  • Berthold I 10241073

Margraves of Verona and Counts in the Breisgau

  • Berthold I 10611073
  • Hermann I 1073

Margraves of Baden

  • Hermann II 10731130
  • Hermann III 11301160
  • Hermann IV 11601190

Baden divided, 11901771

Margraves of Baden-Baden, 11901335

  • Hermann V 11901243
  • Hermann VI 12431250
  • Frederick I and Rudolf I 12501268
  • Rudolf I 12681288
  • Hesso, Rudolf II, Herman VII, and Rudolf III 12881291
  • Hesso, Rudolf II, and Rudolf III 12911295
  • Hesso and Rudolf III 12951297
  • Rudolf III and Rudolf Hesso 12971310
  • Rudolf Hesso 13101320

Margraves of Baden-Hachberg, 11901418

  • Henry I 11901231
  • Henry II 12311290
  • Henry III 12901330
  • Henry IV 13301369
  • Otto I 13691386
  • John and Hesso 13861409
  • Hesso 14091410
  • Otto II 14101418

Margraves of Baden-Sausenberg, 12901503

  • Rudolf I 12901313
  • Henry, Rudolf II, and Otto 13131318
  • Rudolf II and Otto 13181352
  • Otto and Rudolf III 13521384
  • Rudolf III 13841428
  • William 14281441
  • Hugo and Rudolf IV 14411444
  • Rudolf IV 14441487
  • Philip 14871503

Margraves of Baden-Eberstein, 12911353

  • Frederick II 12911333
  • Herman IX 13331353

Margraves of Baden-Pforzheim, 12911361

  • Rudolf IV and Herman VIII 12911300
  • Rudolf IV 13001348
  • Rudolf V 13481361

Margraves of Baden-Baden, 13481588

  • Frederick III 13481353
  • Rudolf VI 13531372
  • Bernard I 13721431, at first jointly with
  • Rudolf VII 13721391
  • Jacob 14311453
  • Charles I 14531475, at first jointly with
  • Bernard II 14531458
  • Christopher I 14751515
  • Bernard III 15151536
  • Philibert 15361569
  • Philip II 15691588

Margraves of Baden-Durlach, 15151771

Margrave of Baden-Sponheim, 15151533

  • Philip I 15151533

Margraves of Baden-Rodemachern, 15361596

Margrave of Baden-Rodenheim, 15751620

  • Philip III 15751620

Margraves of Baden-Hachberg, 15771591

  • Jacob III 15771590
  • Ernest Jacob 15901591

Margrave of Baden-Sausenberg, 15771604

Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern, 16221666

  • Hermann Fortunatus 16221664
  • Charles William 16641666

Margraves of Baden-Baden, 16221771

  • William 16221677
  • Louis William 16771707
  • Louis George Simpert 17071761
  • Augustus George Simpert 17611771

Margrave of Baden, 17711803

Elector of Baden, 18031806

Grand Dukes of Baden, 18061918

Heads of the Grand Ducal House of Baden since 1918

State Presidents of the Republic of Baden, 19181945

  1. Anton Geiß (SPD) 19181920
  2. Gustav Trunk (Zentrum) 19201921
  3. Hermann Hummel (DDP) 19211922
  4. Adam Remmele (SPD) 19221923
  5. Heinrich Köhler (Zentrum), 19231924
  6. Willy Hellpach (DDP) 19241925
  7. Gustav Trunk (Zentrum) 19251926
  8. Heinrich Köhler (Zentrum) 19261927
  9. Gustav Trunk (Zentrum) 1927
  10. Adam Remmele (SPD) 19271928
  11. Josef Schmitt (Zentrum) 19281930
  12. Josef Wittemann (Zentrum) 19301931
  13. Josef Schmitt (Zentrum) 19311933
  14. Robert Wagner (NSDAP) 1933
  15. Walter Köhler (NSDAP) 19331945

State President of Baden (South Baden), 19451952

  1. various presidents in rotation 19451946
  2. Leo Wohleb (BCSV, then CDU) 19461952

References


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