Battle of Bull's Gap

Infobox Military Conflict
conflict=Battle of Bull's Gap


caption= Maj. Gen. John C. Breckinridge
partof=the American Civil War
date=November 13, 1864
place=Hamblen County and Greene County, Tennessee
result=Confederate victory
combatant1= flagicon|USA|1863 United States (Union)
combatant2= flagicon|CSA|1863 CSA (Confederacy)
commander1=Alvan C. Gillem
commander2=John C. Breckinridge
strength1=Governor's Guard Brigade, State of Tennessee
strength2=Department of Western Virginia and East Tennessee (approx. 2,400)
casualties1=241
casualties2=unknown

The Battle of Bull's Gap was a battle of the American Civil War, occurring from November 11 to November 13, 1864, in Hamblen County and Greene County, Tennessee.

In November 1864, Maj. Gen. John C. Breckinridge undertook an expedition into East Tennessee from Virginia to secure the countryside for food and forage and to drive the Federals from the area. A Federal force under the command of Brig. Gen. Alvan C. Gillem had advanced beyond Greeneville, but retired in front of the larger Confederate force moving out of Jonesboro towards Greeneville. In the hopes of protecting the rail lines to Knoxville, the Federals fell back to Bull's Gap east-southeast of Whitesburg on the East Tennessee & Virginia Railroad.

On November 11, the Confederate forces attacked in the morning, but were repulsed by 11:00 a.m. Artillery fire continued throughout the day.

Both sides launch morning attacks on November 12. The Confederates sought to hit the Union forces in a variety of locations but they gained little ground.

On November 13, firing occurred throughout most of the day, but the Confederates did not assault the Union lines. The Union forces, short on everything from ammunition to rations, withdrew from Bull's Gap toward Russellville late in the evening.

Breckinridge pursued the Federals on November 14 and engaged them near Russellville, causing a rout. The Federals fell back to Strawberry Plains (outside of Knoxville) where Breckinridge again engaged his forces. Federal reinforcements soon arrived and foul weather began to play havoc with the roads and streams. Breckinridge, with most of his force, retired back to Virginia. The Confederate victory at Battle of Bull's Gap was a setback in the Federal plans to rid East Tennessee of Confederate military presence.

ee also

*James Buchanan
*Samuel P. Carter

References

* [http://www.nps.gov/history/hps/abpp/battles/tn033.htm National Park Service battle description]