House of the Binns

The House of the Binns (or simply The Binns) is an historic house near Linlithgow in Scotland, and seat of the Dalyell (pronEng|diːˈɛl) family. It dates from the early 17th Century, and is currently in the care of the National Trust for Scotland.

The estate is situated on two hills (or 'Binns'/'Bens' in Celtic) from which its name is derived. [ cite web|url=http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/scotgaz/features/featurefirst1032.html |title=House of the Binns |accessdate=2007-11-05 |work=Gazetteer for Scotland ] It is set in convert|200|acre|km2 of parkland, and the house enjoys panoramic views of Central Scotland: to the north, across the River Forth to the Highlands, and south over the Pentland Hills. [cite news | first= | last= | coauthors= | title=House Of The Binns | date= | publisher= | url =http://www.nts.org.uk/Property/33/ | work =National Trust for Scotland website | pages = | accessdate = 2007-11-05 | language = ] The house contains a collection of porcelain, furniture, and portraits tracing the family's lives and interests through the centuries. [ National Trust for Scotland, A Guide to Properties, 2007]

History of the Estate

Perhaps inhabited since prehistoric times, Binns Hill may have been the site of a Pictish fort. Written records begin in 1335, and record a land of the 'Bynnis'. There was certainly a manor house here by 1478, when records indicate the owner was an Archibald Meldrum, son of the late James Meldrum of the Bynnis. In 1599, it was owned by James, Lord Lyndsay, who sold it to Sir William Livingston of Kilsyth. [ cite web|url=http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/sg/textonly/gardens_search_more_info.htm?PageID=2326&bool=0&more_info=Site&r=Orkney+Isles&s= |title=Site History |accessdate=2007-11-06 |work=An Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland |publisher=Historic Scotland ] Then in 1612, estate was purchased by a wealthy and well-connected Edinburgh burgess, Thomas Dalyell. Dalyell was a butter merchant, who had become prosperous importing from Orkney to Leith (to be sold as axle grease [ cite web|url=http://www.commentonline.co.uk/travel/ShortBreakatHouseoftheBinns.htm |title=A Short Break at House of the Binns |accessdate=2007-11-09 |last=Hull |first=Gillian |work=Comment Online: The newsmagazine of Highland Perthshire ] ). In 1601, he had married the daughter of Lord Kinloss and, when the Scots King James VI ascended to the English Throne and Kinloss was made his Master of the Rolls in London, Dalyell obtained the lucrative post of deputy. In that senior position, he acquired enough of a fortune to return to Scotland and join the landed gentry. He bought "the lands of Bynnis and Croceflattis wirth the manor place thereof", and the Dalyell family have lived there ever since. [cite book | last = Magnusson | first = Magnus | authorlink = Magnus Magnusson | coauthors = | title = Scotland: The Story of a Nation | publisher = Harper Collins | date = 2000 | location = London | pages = 403-4 | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 0006531911 ] Between 1621 and 1630, this Thomas Dalyell rebuilt the original house, and parts of the interior still reflect that period; in particular the north-west portion of the present entrance front, and decoration of the High Hall and King's Room (created in the hope of a visit from Charles I, which never came to be) [ cite web|url=http://www.commentonline.co.uk/travel/ShortBreakatHouseoftheBinns.htm |title=A Short Break at House of the Binns |accessdate=2007-11-09 |last=Hull |first=Gillian |work=Comment Online: The newsmagazine of Highland Perthshire ] . These rooms still contain examples of some of the earliest cornices and mouldings in Scotland. Thomas Dalyell's more famous son, the Royalist General Tam Dalyell of the Binns continued the development of the house, adding the first of the towers, and the western range. [ cite web|url=http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/scotgaz/features/featurefirst1032.html |title=House of the Binns |accessdate=2007-11-05 |work=Gazetteer for Scotland ]

However, today the house principally reflects extensions of the mid 18th and early 19th century. [ cite web|url=http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/scotgaz/features/featurefirst1032.html |title=House of the Binns |accessdate=2007-11-05 |work=Gazetteer for Scotland ] In the 1740’s, Robert Dalyell added the dining-room and a morning room, whilst around 1810, the architect William Burn (1789 - 1870) adapted the building to the Scottish baronial style, adding further towers and mock battlements. Some of the Gothic exterior decoration was inspired by Walter Scott, who was a friend of the Dalyell family. [ cite web|url=http://www.commentonline.co.uk/travel/ShortBreakatHouseoftheBinns.htm |title=A Short Break at House of the Binns |accessdate=2007-11-09 |last=Hull |first=Gillian |work=Comment Online: The newsmagazine of Highland Perthshire ] Today, the building is three-storey at the main north facade, with two-storey wings.

In 1944, the house, its parkland, its contents, and an endowment for its upkeep were given to the National Trust for Scotland by Eleanor Dalyell. The charter she granted states that the 'history, legend and memory of the family of Dalyell of The Binns, shall be preserved...' for the benefit and enjoyment of the nation. [ cite web|url=http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/sg/textonly/gardens_search_more_info.htm?PageID=2326&bool=0&more_info=Site&r=Orkney+Isles&s= |title=Site History |accessdate=2007-11-06 |work=An Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland |publisher=Historic Scotland ] However, the right of the family to reside in the house was retained. [cite news | first= | last= | coauthors= | title=House Of The Binns | date= | publisher= | url =http://www.nts.org.uk/Property/33/ | work =National Trust for Scotland website | pages = | accessdate = 2007-11-05 | language = ] Today, the former MP for Linlithgow, and "Father of the House", Sir Tam Dalyell (b.1932) still lives in the western range of the house. His full title being "Sir Thomas Dalyell of the Binns, 11th Baronet". His wife, Kathleen Dalyell, is the National Trust's representative for the House of the Binns and heavily involved in its maintenance. [cite news | first=Gray | last=Alistair | coauthors= | title=A gardening job to grow into | date=2006-07-15 | publisher=Scotsman.com | url =http://edinburghnews.scotsman.com/index.cfm?id=1031232006 | work =Edinburgh Evening News | pages = | accessdate = 2007-11-06 | language = ]

General Tam o' the Binns

The house's main historic claim to fame is the occupancy of General 'Sir Tam' Dalyell (1615-1685). Dalyell served as a military commander for both Charles I and Charles II. During the Civil War, he was taken prisoner by the parliamentarians at the battle of Worcester and imprisoned in the Tower of London. However, he escaped and travelled to Russia where he fought for the Tsar - earning the epithet 'Muscovite De'il'. He returned to Scotland at the Restoration of the king, and secured his feared reputation (as 'Bluidy Tam') by his violent suppression of the Covenanters from the 1660s. In 1678, he became Commander-in-Chief in Scotland and, in 1681, he mustered a new regiment at the Binns, becoming its first colonel. That Regiment, the Royal Regiment of Scots Dragoons, which later became the Royal Scots Greys in 1877, was to have itself a long history. [cite news | first= | last= | coauthors= | title=House of the Binns | date= | publisher= | url =http://guide.visitscotland.com/vs/guide/5,en,SCH1/objectId,SIG49358Svs,curr,GBP,season,at1,selectedEntry,home/home.html | work =VisitScotland.com website | pages = | accessdate = 2007-11-05 | language = ] Many artefacts belonging to General Dalyell (including his boots) are still located at the Binns. Some are connected with the fairly dubious stories that have grown up around him. In this house, the General is said to have played cards with the Devil: and today, in the entrance (or Laigh) hall, the very table on which he is supposed to have played can still be seen. [ cite web|url=http://www.scotlandforvisitors.com/binns.php |title=House of the Binns (Review of Attraction 2001) |accessdate=2007-11-05 |publisher=scotlandforvisitors.com ] The story goes that, although the devil normally beat Tam, one night Tam won, and in fury the Devil threw a marble table at him. However, it missed and it landed in the Sergeants’ Pond outside. A marble table was indeed found when the pond dried up 200 years later. The cards, goblet and spoon, supposedly used in the game are displayed in the house. The General is said to have told the Devil, who threatened to blow down his house and its walls, that "I will build me a turret at every corner to pin down my walls".Colin McWilliam, "The Buildings of Scotland: Lothian except Edinburgh" (Penguin Books, 1978), p. 102.] [ cite web|url=http://www.bo-ness.org.uk/html/history/the_binns.htm |title=The Binns |accessdate=2007-11-05 |last=Wright |first=Ken |publisher=bo-ness.org.uk ] [ cite web|url=http://www.visitscotland.com/aboutscotland/explorebymap/features/trustghosts |title=The Trust's Ghosts |accessdate=2007-11-05 |work=Visit Scotland website |publisher=Visit Scotland ]

The Parkland

The house is set in convert|200|acre|km2 of parkland, and approached by two drives: the current west drive, and main east drive that has been disused since 1913. The category 'B' listed folly, Binns Tower is situated at the highest point of the park, Binns Hill. It was designed by Alexander Allan in 1826, allegedly as the result of a wager placed with the then owner, Sir James Dalyell. [ cite web|url=http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/sg/textonly/gardens_search_more_info.htm?PageID=2326&bool=0&more_info=Landscape&r=Kingdom+of+Fife&s= |title=House of the Binns |accessdate=2007-11-05 |work=An inventory of gardens and designed landscapes in Scotland |publisher=Historic Scotland ] On the west side of Binns Hill is a woodland garden with walks through it to the tower. Beneath the escarpment to the south-west of the Tower is General Tam's cave, supposedly used by him for meditation.

In addition to the folly, the park contains a number of other important features. Off the west drive is a derelict stables and a walled garden. The walled garden, constructed at an unknown date, served as a kitchen garden until World War II. It is presently used by a contractor as a tree and shrub nursery - although part is used to provide flowers for the house. Also near the west drive is the Sergeant's Pond, which was constructed as a watering place for the horses of the Royal Scots Greys by General Dalyell. In a valley in the south-east corner of the park there is a caravan park which was established in 1978 - the caravan park also includes a small woodland area. [ cite web|url=http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/sg/textonly/gardens_search_more_info.htm?PageID=2326&bool=0&more_info=Landscape&r=Kingdom+of+Fife&s= |title=House of the Binns |accessdate=2007-11-05 |work=An inventory of gardens and designed landscapes in Scotland |publisher=Historic Scotland ]

References

ee also

*Dalyell Baronets
*List of National Trust for Scotland properties

External links

* [http://www.nts.org.uk/Property/33/ National Trust for Scotland]
* [http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/scotgaz/features/featurefirst1032.html Gazetteer for Scotland]