Bell Island

:"For the island also in Newfoundland, one of the Grey Islands, see Bell Island."Infobox Islands
name = Bell Island

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image caption = Aerial view of Bell Island
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Location map|Newfoundland|lat=47.62779|long=-52.96389|caption=Location of Bell Island in Newfoundland|width=250
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location = Conception Bay
coordinates = coord|47|39|N|52|56|W|region:CA_type:city|display=inline,title
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area = km2 to mi2|34|abbr=yes
highest mount = Round Juniper Marsh
elevation = m to ft|120|abbr=yes
country = Canada
country admin divisions title = Province
country admin divisions = flag|Newfoundland and Labrador
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Bell Island is an island located off Newfoundland's Avalon Peninsula in Conception Bay.

Measuring 9 km in length and 3 km in width, Bell Island has an area of 34 km². The soil is composed of Ordovician sandstone and shale with red hematite.

It is home to three communities, the largest of which is the incorporated town of Wabana.

The provincial government operates a ferry service from Portugal Cove to Bell island daily. It is primarily used by commuters who work in the St. John's metropolitan area.

History

Likely settled by Maritime Archaic Indians and/or the Dorset people, Bell Island, as with the rest of the island of Newfoundland was likely inhabited by the Beothuk Nation at the time of European discovery.

The first European inhabitants settled during 1700s and attempted to farm and fish with the island having a subsistence economy throughout much of the 1800s. The economy expanded tremendously during the 1890s when iron ore mining began near the community of Wabana.

Wabana grew to become the island's largest community and the mine became one of the largest producers of iron ore in northeastern North America. The mine's workings extended beneath the seabed of Conception Bay, creating one of the most extensive submarine iron mines in the world.

Most of Bell Island's ore was shipped from loading facilities to Sydney, Nova Scotia where it was smelted in a steel mill. The steel mill at Sydney and the iron mine at Bell Island were owned by the Dominion Steel and Coal Company (DOSCO), which at one point was one of the largest private employers in Canada.

During the Second World War, the anchorage for bulk carriers shipping iron ore was attacked by German U-boats in two separate attacks in 1942. Four ships were sunk and 69 merchant mariners lost their lives:

* SS "Sagonaga"
* SS "Lord Strathcona"
* SS "P.L.M 27"
* SS "Rose Castle"

In addition to the four cargo ships, an errant German torpedo also struck the DOSCO iron ore loading dock on shore. A memorial overlooks the waters where the wrecks can be seen at low tide. Bell Island was one of the very few locations in North America to see enemy action during the war.

Being an underground operation, the Bell Island iron ore mine was an extremely expensive mine to operate. During the 1950s, some of the largest surface iron ore deposits in the world were discovered in northeastern Quebec and the western part of Labrador. After the Quebec North Shore and Labrador Railway was built in the latter part of the decade, Bell Island iron ore became uncompetitive.

During the early 1960s, the steel and coal industries on Cape Breton Island began to falter in the face of foreign competition. In 1966 the steel mill in Sydney and nearby coal mines were slated to be closed. At the same time, iron ore mining at Wabana stopped.

Bell Island's resource-based economy was hard-hit by the shutdown, resulting in a large out-migration of residents. Some moved to the nearby growing metropolitan centre of St. John's. In recent decades a reverse move has been occurring where housing is being built on Bell Island to accommodate residents who wish to commute by ferry (20 minutes each direction) to Portugal Cove and travel to work in the city.

The scenic and sheltered waters of Conception Bay are also seeing an increase in pleasure boating activity as the suburban communities grow around nearby Conception Bay South.

The Bell Island Boom

On April 2, 1978, there was a loud explosion on Bell Island that caused damage to some houses and the electrical wires in the surrounding area. Two cup-shaped holes about two feet deep and three feet wide marked the major impact. A number of TV sets in Lance Cove, the surrounding community, also exploded at the time of the blast. Weather men confirmed that atmospheric conditions at the time were not conducive to lightning. The blast was heard 45 kilometers away in Cape Broyle. Apparently U.S. Vela satellites picked up the event. The incident was investigated promptly by two representatives from a U.S. weapons laboratory at Los Alamos, according to the news media.(1)

It has been speculated that the explosion was ball lightning. However, a recent documentary aired on The History Channel about electromagnetic pulse weapons speculated that it may have been a result of top secret experiments by either the Russian or U.S. governments, involving high energy beams focused into the ionosphere that were attracted by the iron in abandoned mines.

References

1. Lt. Col. T.E. Bearden * [http://www.cheniere.org/books/analysis/history.htm Historical Background of Scalar EM Weapons]

External links

* [http://www.bellisland.net/ Bell Island]
* [http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=4515534125267138757&sourceid=docidfeed&hl=en History Channel Documentary on Bell Island & Electromagnetic Warfare]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
]

ee also

*List of communities in Newfoundland and Labrador
*Islands of Newfoundland and Labrador