- Hypermetabolism
Hypermetabolism is the
physiological state of increased rate ofmetabolic activity. The impact of the hypermetabolic state on patientnutrition al requirements is often understated or overlooked. Hypermetabolism typically occurs after significant insult to the body. In hospitals and institutions, the most common causes areinfection s,sepsis ,burn s,multiple trauma ,fever , long-bone fracture s,hyperthyroidism , prolongedsteroid therapy,surgery andbone marrow transplant s.During the acute phase, the
liver redirectsprotein synthesis , up-regulating certainproteins and down-regulating others. Measuring theserum level of proteins that are up- and down-regulated during the acute phase can reveal extremely important information about the patient's nutritional state. The most important up-regulated protein isC-reactive protein , which can rapidly increase 20- to 1,000-fold during the acute phase.Hypermetabolism may occur in the
brain aftertraumatic brain injury .
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