Grok

To grok (pronEng|ˈgrɒk) is to share the same reality or line of thinking with another physical or conceptual entity. Author Robert A. Heinlein coined the term in his best-selling 1961 book "Stranger in a Strange Land." In Heinlein's view of quantum theory, grokking is the intermingling of intelligence that necessarily affects both the observer and the observed.

From the novel:

The Oxford English Dictionary defines "grok" as "to understand intuitively or by empathy; to establish rapport with" and "to empathize or communicate sympathetically (with); also, to experience enjoyment." Other forms of the word include "groks" (present third person singular), "grokked" (past participle) and "grokking" (present participle).

In an ideological context, a "grokked" concept becomes part of the person who contributes to its evolution by improving the doctrine, perpetuating the myth, espousing the belief, adding detail to the social plan, refining the idea or proofing the theory.

Etymology

"Stranger in a Strange Land"

Robert A. Heinlein originally coined the term "grok" in his 1961 novel "Stranger in a Strange Land" as a Martian word that literally means "to drink", and had a much more profound figurative meaning that is hard for Earthlings to understand because of our assumption of a singular reality.

According to the book, drinking is a central focus on Mars where water is scarce. Martians use the merging of their bodies with water as a simple example or symbol of how two entities can combine to create a new reality greater than the sum of its parts. The water becomes part of the drinker, and the drinker part of the water. Both "grok" each other. Things that once had separate realities become entangled in the same experiences, goals, history, and purpose. Within the book, the statement of divine immanence verbalized between the main characters, "Thou Art God", is logically derived from the concept inherent in the term "grok".

Heinlein describes Martian words as "guttural" and "jarring". Martian speech is described as sounding "like a bullfrog fighting a cat". Accordingly, "grok" is generally pronounced as a guttural "gr" terminated by a sharp "k" with very little or no vowel sound (a narrow transcription might be IPA| [ɡɹ̩kʰ] ).

Adoption and modern usage

In counterculture

Tom Wolfe, in his book "The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test", describes a character's thoughts during an acid trip: "He looks down, two bare legs, a torso rising up at him and like he is just noticing them for the first time... he has never seen any of this flesh before, this stranger. He groks over that...."

Contemporary spiritual teacher Ram Dass, in "Be Here Now", quotes a large passage from "Stranger" about the word.

Numerous examples of its use in the late 1960s appear, including in Playboy Magazine and The New Yorker.

The word is also used in passing in "The Illuminatus Trilogy" by Robert Anton Wilson and Robert Shea, and frequently by Wilson in his other work.

According to Ed Sanders' book "The Family", convicted murderer Charles Manson was a fan of Heinlein and "Stranger" and adopted many of the terms associated with both including "grok" and "thou art God". [cite book
title=The Family
author=Ed Sanders
isbn= ISBN 1-56025-396-7
year=2002
publisher=Thunder's Mouth Press]

In science fiction

A popular t-shirt and bumper sticker slogan for Trekkies, seen as early as 1968, was "I grok Spock" (often showing the Star Trek character using the Vulcan salute). Other science fiction authors, such as David Brin or Greg Cox, have borrowed the term over the years as an homage.

In hacker culture

Uses of the word in the decades after the 1960s are more concentrated in computer culture, such as a 1984 appearance in InfoWorld: "There isn't any software! Only different internal states of hardware. It's all hardware! It's a shame programmers don't grok that better."

The Jargon File, which describes itself as a "Hacker's Dictionary" and has thrice been published under that name, puts "grok" in a programming context:

:When you claim to ‘grok’ some knowledge or technique, you are asserting that you have not merely learned it in a detached instrumental way but that it has become part of you, part of your identity. For example, to say that you “know” Lisp is simply to assert that you can code in it if necessary — but to say you “grok” LISP is to claim that you have deeply entered the world-view and spirit of the language, with the implication that it has transformed your view of programming. Contrast zen, which is a similar supernatural understanding experienced as a single brief flash.

The entry existed in the very earliest forms of the Jargon File, dating from the early 1980s. A typical tech usage from the "Linux Bible, 2005" characterizes the Unix software development philosophy as "one that can make your life a lot simpler once you grok the idea".

Mainstream usage

In their book "The Fourth Turning", William Strauss and Neil Howe write of 1996 Presidential candidate Bob Dole as "not a person who could grok values in the now-dominant Boomer tongue".

Groklaw is a website with information on legal matters, usually of an IT nature.

[http://www.grok-code.com/ GrokCode] is a website covering computer programming and software development.

Grok is a web application framework, written in the Python programming language and based on Zope 3.

In a 1987 "Life In Hell" strip titled "What I Learned In School", a character representing "The Simpsons" creator Matt Groening is depicted being dressed down by an unseen "hip" college professor: "Mr. Gru-nink, I'm getting bad vibes from you. The rest of the class groks what is going on -- why can't you?"

Songwriter Stephin Merritt uses the word "grok" in the song "Swinging London", from the 1994 Magnetic Fields album "Holiday" - "you couldn't grok my race car but you dug the roadside blur".

[http://www.groks.net/ Groks Science Show] is a science radio show that uses the term in their name.

The name of a commercial federated search engine, [http://grokker.com/ grokker] .

In an episode of the television show "Silver Spoons" in 1985, Rickie calls chatting on a BBS "grokking".

In The Police song "Friends," lyrics state that the singer will "grok your essence."

ee also

* Gestalt psychology
* Knowledge by acquaintance
* Knowledge by description
* Anschauung, a related "sense-perception" concept in Kantian philosophy

References

External links

* [http://catb.org/~esr/jargon/html/G/grok.html Grok definition] in the Jargon File
* [http://www.jessesword.com/sf/view/1646 SF citations for grok] gathered for the Oxford English Dictionary by Jesse Sheidlower
* [http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/grok Grok] in the [http://www.m-w.com Merriam-Webster online dictionary]
* [http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Stranger_in_a_Strange_Land WikiQuote on Stranger in a Strange Land] includes many uses of "grok"
* [http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~clgroks/page2.html Grok and the Vanguard of Science] , essay from [http://www.groks.net/ Berkeley Groks] science radio program
* [http://www.keep-contact.com/grok/ Grok] , the desk game edited in the early 80's in California