UDP-N-acetylglucosamine

UDP-N-acetylglucosamine

UDP-N-acetylglucosamine or UDP-GlcNAc is a nucleotide sugar and a coenzyme in metabolism. It is used by glycosyltransferases to transfer N-acetylglucosamine residues to substrates. D-Glucosamine is made naturally in the form of glucosamine-6-phosphate, and is the biochemical precursor of all nitrogen-containing sugars. [Roseman S. "Reflections on glycobiology," "J Biol Chem", 2001 November 9; 276(45):41527-42. PMID 11553646. [http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/276/45/41527 Full Text Online] ] Specifically, glucosamine-6-phosphate is synthesized from fructose-6-phosphate and glutamine [Ghosh S, Blumenthal HJ, Davidson E, Roseman S. "Glucosamine metabolism. V. Enzymatic synthesis of glucosamine 6-phosphate", "J Biol Chem", 1960 May; . PMID 13827775. [http://www.jbc.org/cgi/reprint/235/5/1265 PDF online] .] as the first step of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway. [ [http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/reaction/polysacc/UDPGlcN.html International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology] ] The end-product of this pathway is UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), which is then used for making glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and glycolipids. [cite journal |author=Milewski S, Gabriel I, Olchowy J |title=Enzymes of UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis in yeast |journal=Yeast |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=1–14 |year=2006 |pmid=16408321 |doi=10.1002/yea.1337]

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