List of vector identities

List of vector identities

This article lists a few helpful mathematical identities which are useful in vector algebra.

Triple products

*vec{A} imes (vec{B} imes vec{C}) = (vec{C} imes vec{B}) imes vec{A} = vec{B}(vec{A} cdot vec{C}) - vec{C}(vec{A} cdot vec{B})
*vec{A}cdot(vec{B} imes vec{C}) = vec{B}cdot(vec{C} imes vec{A}) = vec{C}cdot(vec{A} imes vec{B})

these can be proved by giving arbitrary components to A, B, and C,

:vec{A} = (a_x, a_y, a_z)

:vec{B} = (b_x, b_y, b_z)

:vec{C} = (c_x, c_y, c_z)

then finding the values of each statement, such as vec{B} imes vec{C}, in terms of the generic components will show that both sides of the equation are equal.

Other products

*(vec{A} imes vec{B}) cdot (vec{A} imes vec{B}) = A^2 B^2 - (vec{A} cdot vec{B})^2 = vec{B} cdot vec{A} imes (vec{B} imes vec{A}) (note: this is another form of Lagrange's formula).

Product rules

*vec{ abla} (fg) = f(vec{ abla}g) + g(vec{ abla} f)
*vec{ abla}(vec{A} cdot vec{B}) = vec{A} imes (vec{ abla} imes vec{B})+vec{B} imes (vec{ abla} imes vec{A})+(vec{A} cdot vec{ abla})vec{B}+(vec{B} cdot vec{ abla})vec{A}
*vec{ abla} cdot (fvec{A})=f(vec{ abla} cdot vec{A})+vec{A} cdot (vec{ abla} f)
*vec{ abla} cdot (vec{A} imes vec{B})=vec{B} cdot (vec{ abla} imes vec{A})-vec{A} cdot (vec{ abla} imes vec{B})
* abla imes (vec{A} imesvec{B})= (vec{B}cdot abla) vec{A}-(vec{A}cdot abla)vec{B} + vec{A} ( ablacdotvec{B}) - vec{B}( ablacdotvec{A})
* abla imes (vec{A} imesvec{B})= vec{A} imes ( abla imesvec{B}) - vec{B} imes ( abla imesvec{A}) - (vec{A} imes abla) imes vec{B} + (vec{B} imes abla) imes vec{A}
* abla imes (fvec{A})=f( abla imesvec{A})+( abla f) imesvec{A}

Green's first identity

* vec{ abla} cdot left( f vec{ abla} f ight) = f vec{ abla} cdot left( vec{ abla} f ight) + left( vec{ abla} f cdot vec{ abla} f ight) = f abla^2 f + left( vec{ abla} f cdot vec{ abla} f ight)
therefore
f abla^2 f = vec{ abla} cdot left( f vec{ abla} f ight) - left( vec{ abla} f cdot vec{ abla} f ight)

Fundamental theorems

Divergence theorem
*int_{V} (vec{ abla} cdot vec{A}) ,dv = oint_{S} vec{A} cdot dvec{a}

Stokes' theorem
* int_{S} ( abla imes vec{A}) cdot dvec{a} = oint_{C} vec{A} cdot dvec{l}

ee also

* List of mathematical identities
* Vector calculus identities


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