In molecular biology, upstream and downstream can refer to:
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Upstream and downstream — can refer to: Molecular biology Upstream and downstream (DNA), determining relative positions on DNA. Upstream and downstream (transduction) determining temporal and mechanistic order of cellular and molecular events of signal transduction This… … Wikipedia
Upstream and downstream (transduction) — In molecular biology, the terms upstream and downstream can refer to the temporal and mechanistic order of cellular and molecular events. For example, in signal transduction, the second messenger acts downstream to activation of cell membrane… … Wikipedia
Upstream and downstream (DNA) — In molecular biology, upstream and downstream both refer to a relative position in DNA or RNA. Each strand of DNA or RNA has a 5 end and a 3 end, so named for the carbons on the deoxyribose ring. Relative to the position on the strand, downstream … Wikipedia
National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology — University of the Philippines National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Established 1979 Type Research Institute Director Reynaldo V. Ebora (Los Baños) Cynthia T. Hedreyda (Diliman) Location Los Baños … Wikipedia
Directionality (molecular biology) — A diagram of a furanose (sugar ring) molecule with carbon atoms labeled using standard notation Directionality, in molecular biology and biochemistry, is the end to end chemical orientation of a single strand of nucleic acid. The chemical… … Wikipedia
Downstream — Contents 1 Science 1.1 Molecular biology 2 Entertainment 3 … Wikipedia
downstream — down·stream .dau̇n strēm adv or adj in the same direction along a molecule of DNA or RNA as that in which transcription and translation take place and toward the end having a hydroxyl group attached to the position labeled 3 in the terminal… … Medical dictionary
upstream — Refers to nucleic acid base sequences proceeding the opposite direction from expression. * * * up·stream əp strēm adv or adj in a direction along a molecule of DNA or RNA opposite to that in which transcription and translation take place and… … Medical dictionary
Discovery and development of antiandrogens — In the 1960s, the first antiandrogen, or androgen antagonist, was discovered. Antiandrogens antagonise the androgen receptor (AR) and thereby block the biological effects of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Antiandrogens are important… … Wikipedia
Crosstalk (biology) — Biological crosstalk refers to instances in which one or more components of a signal transduction pathway affect a different pathway. This can be achieved through a number of ways with the most common form being crosstalk between proteins of… … Wikipedia
