Marcus (usurper)

Marcus
Usurper of the Western Roman Empire
Reign	406–407
Died	407
Place of death	Britannia
Predecessor	Honorius
Successor	Gratian

Marcus^[1] (died 407) was a Roman usurper emperor (406–407) in Roman Britain.

Career

He was a soldier in Roman Britain who was proclaimed emperor by the army there some time in 406.^[2] He may have risen to power as a reaction to the increasing raids from abroad at a time when the Empire was withdrawing troops from its distant provinces like Britain to protect its heartland. There were too few troops capable of defending Britain at the time, as raiders such as the Irish, and records of raiders like Niall of the Nine Hostages show. Local troops, with ties to their home garrisons, are likely to have resisted being redeployed to Italy at a time of such instability in Britain;^[3] Marcus' elevation may have been a result of this or some other, unrecorded crisis. It has been conjectured that the revolt in Britain was aimed principally at Stilicho,^[4] the Emperor Honorius’s magister militum, who responded by allowing the Vandals and other Germanic tribes to cross the Rhine frontier in December 406.^[5]

All that is known of his rule is that he did not please the army, and was soon killed by them and replaced with another short-lived usurper, Gratian.^[6] In his pseudohistorical Historia Regum Britanniae, Geoffrey of Monmouth tells of a Gracianus Municeps who takes the throne of Britain away from King Dionotus;^[7] it is possible he based his characters on the historical Gratian and Marcus.

Sources

Primary sources

• Zosimus, "Historia Nova", Book 6 Historia Nova

Secondary sources

• Jones, Arnold Hugh Martin, John Robert Martindale, John Morris, The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, volume 2, Cambridge University Press, 1992, ISBN ISBN 0521201594
• Canduci, Alexander (2010), Triumph & Tragedy: The Rise and Fall of Rome's Immortal Emperors, Pier 9, ISBN 978-1741965988 
• Bury, J. B., A History of the Later Roman Empire from Arcadius to Irene, Vol. I (1889)

References

1. ^ Jones, pg. 719
2. ^ Zosimus, 6:2:1
3. ^ Canduci, pg. 152
4. ^ Bury, pg. 138
5. ^ Bury, pg. 139
6. ^ Zosimus, 6:2:1
7. ^ Monmouth, Historia Regum Britanniae, 6:1

Persondata
Name	Marcus
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth
Place of birth
Date of death	407
Place of death	Britannia