Gottlieb Wilhelm Leitner

Gottlieb Wilhelm Leitner, or Gottlieb William Leitner M.A.,Ph.D.,L.L.D.,D.O.L.(14 October 1840 - 22 March 1899) was an Anglo-Hungarian orientalist.

Early life and education

Dr. Gottlieb Wilhelm Leitner was born in Budapest, Hungary, on 14 October 1840 to a Jewish family. [Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "registered with the Jewish community of Pest"; [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=169&letter=L&search=Leitner Jewish Encyclopedia] ] As a child he showed an extraordinary ability in languages. At the age of eight he went to Constantinople to learn Arabic and Turkish, and by the age of ten he was fluent in Turkish, Arabic and most European languages. At fifteen, he was appointed Interpreter (First Class) to the British Commissariat in the Crimea, with the rank of colonel. When the Crimean War ended, he wanted to become a priest and went to study at King's College London.

It is also reported that during his tour of Muslim countries he adopted a Muslim name of Abdur Rasheed Sayyah. Sayyah in Arabic means a traveller.

As a linguist, he is said to have had acquaintance with some fifty languages many of which he spoke fluently. At nineteen, he became lecturer in Arabic, Turkish and Modern Greek, and at twenty-three was appointed Professor in Arabic and Muslim Law at King's College London.

Three years later, sometime in 1864, he was asked to become Principal of Government College at Lahore (now Pakistan), and soon succeeded in raising its status to the University of the Punjab. He founded many schools, literary associations, public libraries and academic journals, while at the same time dedicating himself to the study of the cultures of the Indian subcontinent. During this period he wrote a scholarly and comprehensive book in Urdu, History of Islam, in two volumes, with the help of an Urdu Muslim scholar, Maulvi Karim-ud-Din, who was at that time District Inspector of Schools, Amritsar, Punjab. These two volumes were later published in 1871 and 1876.

He retired from the Indian Service in 1886.

Return to Europe

He returned to Europe in the late 1870s to pursue studies at Heidelberg University (Germany), and he also undertook work for the Austrian, Prussian and British Governments. His ambition now was to found a centre for the study in Europe of Oriental languages, culture and history. On his return to England in 1881, he sought a suitable site for his proposed institution, and in 1883 came upon the vacant Royal Dramatic College in Woking, a building admirably suited for the purpose.

The site on the south side of the railway line at Maybury was used by the two most unusual institutions in Woking. The first was the Royal Dramatic College, an ambitious but untimely and unsuccessful attempt to establish what might have become a permanent centre for the dramatic arts. The other was the Oriental Institute, founded and financed by Dr G. W. Leitner.

Inscription on the tomb of Dr G.W.Leitner

Dr Leitner is buried at Brookwood Cemetery, near Woking. [cite web| title =Dr G W Leitner | work =Necropolis Notables | publisher =The Brookwood Cemetery Society | url =http://www.tbcs.org.uk/dr_leitner.htm | accessdate =2007-02-23 ]

Major Works

* "On the Sciences of language and of ethnography, with general reference to the language and customs of the people of Hanza: A report of an extempore address". (nach 1856).
* "Introduction to a philosophical Grammar of Arabic: Being an attempt to discover a few simple principles in Arabic Grammar". Reprinted and slightly enlarged from the „Panjab Educational Magazine”, Lahore 1871
* "The Sinin-i-Islam; The races of Turkey; History of Dardistan, songs, legends etc; Graeco-budhistic discoveries; History of indigenous education in the Panjab since annexation".
* "A lecture on the races of Turkey, both of Europe and of Asia, and the state of their education: being, principally, a contribution to Muhammadan education". Lahore 1871.
*"A detailed analysis of Abdul Ghafur's dictionary of the terms used by criminal tribes in the Panjab". Lahore 1880.
* "History of indigenous education in the Punjab since annexation and in 1882". Calcutta 1882. Reprint Delhi: Amar Prakashan, 1982.
* "The Kunza and Nagyr handbook being an introduction to a Knowledge of the language". Calcutta 1889.
* "Dardistan in 1866, 1886 and 1893: being an account of the history, religions, customs, legends, fables, and songs of Gilgit, Chilas, Kandia (Gabrial), Yasin, Chitral, Hunza, Aagyr, and other parts of the Hindukush", Reprint der Ausgabe Woking, Oriental Univ. Inst., 1893, New Delhi: Bhavana Books & Prints, 2001 ISBN 81-86505-49-0
*"Dardistan in 1866, 1886 and 1893 : being an account of the history, religions, customs, legends, fables and songs of Gilgit Chilas, Kandia (Gabrial) Yasin, Chitral, Hunza, Nagyr and other parts of the Hindukush; as also a suppl. to the 2. ed. of The Hunza and Nagyr handbook and an epitome of p. 3 of the author's "The languages and races of Dardistan". Reprint of the edition 1889, Karachi: Indus Publ., 1985.

References

* Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
*http://www.wokingmuslim.org/pers/dr_leitner.htm
* Muhammad Ikram Chaghatai: "Writings of Dr. Leitner: Islam, education, Dardistan, politics and culture of Northern areas". Comp. by Muhammad Ikram Chaghatai. Lahore: Government College Research and Publ. Society; Sang-e-Meel Publ., 2002. ISBN 969-35-1306-1
* J. FL Stocqueler, "Life and Labors of Dr Leitner" (1875)
* "Portraits of Celebrities at Different Times of their Lives", "The Strand Magazine", Volume VII, January-June 1894

External links

* [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=169&letter=L&search=Leitner Jewish Encyclopedia]
* http://www.wokingmuslim.org/pers/dr_leitner.htm

Persondata
NAME=Leitner, Gottlieb William
ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Leitner, Gottlieb Wilhelm
SHORT DESCRIPTION=
DATE OF BIRTH=October 14 1840
PLACE OF BIRTH=Pest, Hungary
DATE OF DEATH=March 22 1899
PLACE OF DEATH=Bonn, Germany