Huiwen of Qin

King Qin Huiwen (秦惠文王) ruled the Chinese state of Qin from 338 BC until 311 BC. He took the title of "king", rather than "duke" as his predecessors and peers of the other Zhou states had. "King Qin Huiwen" (秦惠文王) is his posthumous title or name, conferred by the temple he was associated with, as is customary in Chinese dynastic history. Ying Si (嬴駟) was his ruling name. He succeeded Duke Xiao (秦孝公) (also a posthumous name) and executed his predecessor's prime minister, the famous legalist, Shang Yang (商鞅), on charges of fomenting rebellion. The real reason may have been longstanding hatred toward Shang Yang for his draconian punishments: it is recorded that Shang Yang enraged the young crown prince Huiwen by having the nose of Huiwen's tutor cut off for a minor infraction. Nevertheless Huiwen retained Shang Yang's reforms to the structure of the Qin state as he could see the benefits inherent in these — indeed the legalist reforms enacted by Shang Yang probably contributed significantly to Qin's successful conquest of the other Six Kingdoms.