Codex Boernerianus

New Testament manuscripts
papyri • uncials • minuscules • lectionaries

Uncial 012
First page of the codex with lacunae in Romans 1:1-4
Name	Boernerianus
Sign	Gp
Text	Pauline epistles
Date	850-900
Script	Greek/Latin diglot
Found	Abbey of St. Gall, Switzerland
Now at	Saxon State Library Dresden
Cite	A. Reichardt, Der Codex Boernerianus. Der Briefe des Apostels Paulus, Verlag von Karl W. Hiersemann, Leipzig 1909.
Size	25 x 18 cm
Type	Western
Category	III
Note	Irish verse on folio 23v.

Codex Boernerianus, designated by G^p or 012 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), α 1028 (von Soden), is a small New Testament codex, measuring 25 x 18 cm, written in one column per page, 20 lines per page. Dated paleographically to the 9th century.^[1] The name of the codex derives from Boerner, to whom it once belonged. The manuscript is lacunose.

Description

The manuscript contains the text of the Pauline epistles (but does not contain Hebrews) on 99 vellum leaves. The main text is in Greek with an interlinear Latin translation inserted above the Greek text (in the same manner like Codex Sangallensis 48).

The text of the codex contains six lacunae (Romans 1:1-4, 2:17-24, 1 Cor. 3:8-16, 6:7-14, Col. 2:1-8, Philem. 21-25). Quotations from the Old Testament are marked in left-hand margin by inverted comma (>), and Latin notation identifies a quotation (f.e. Iesaia). Capital letters follow regular in stichometric frequency. It means codex G was copied from manuscript arranged in στίχοι. The codex sometimes uses minuscule letters: α, κ, ρ (of the same size as uncials). It has not Spiritus asper, Spiritus lenis and accents.^[2]

The Latin text is written in minuscule letters. The shape of Latin letters: r, s, t is characteristic of Anglo-Saxon alphabet.

Codex does not use phrase ἐν Ῥώμῃ (in Rome). In Rom 1:7 this phrase was replaced into ἐν ἀγαπῃ (Latin text - in caritate et dilectione), and in 1:15 the phrase is omitted (in both text Greek and Latin).

After the end of Philemon stands the title Προς Λαουδακησας αρχεται επιστολη (with interlinear Latin ad Laudicenses incipit epistola), but an apocryphal epistle is lost.^[3]

Text

The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Western text-type. Aland placed it in Category III.^[1]

The section 1 Cor 14:34-35 is placed after 1 Cor 14:40, just like other manuscripts of the Western text-type (Claromontanus, Augiensis, 88, it^{d, g}, and some manuscripts of Vulgate.^[4][5]

The Latin text has some affinity with Liber Comicus.^[6]

Romans 6:5 αλλα και της αναστασεως ] αμα και της αναστασεως

Romans 12:11 κυριω ] καιρω

Romans 15:31 διακονια ] δωροφορια — B D G^gr

Romans 16:15 Ιουλιαν ] Ιουνιαν — C.^[7]

Galatians 6:2 αναπληρωσατε ] αναπληρωσετε — B 1962 it vg syr^p,pal cop^sa,bo goth eth^[8]

Philippians 3:16 τω αυτω στοιχειν ] το αυτο φρονειν, τω αυτω συνστοιχειν — supported by F^[9]

Philippians 4:7 νοηματα ] σωματα — F G^[10]

In Romans 8:1 it reads Ιησου (as א, B, D, 1739, 1881, it^{d, g}, cop^{sa, bo}, eth). The Byzantine manuscripts read Ιησου μη κατα σαρκα περιπατουσιν αλλα κατα πνευμα.^[11]

It does not contain the ending Romans 16:25-27, but it has blanked space at Romans 14:23 for it.^[12]

In 1 Corinthians 2:1 it reads μαρτυριον along with B D P Ψ 33 81 104 181 326 330 451 614 629 630 1241 1739 1877 1881 1962 1984 2127 2492 2495 Byz Lect it vg syr^h cop^sa arm eth. Other manuscripts read μυστηριον or σωτηριον.^[13]

In 1 Corinthians 2:4 it reads πειθοις σοφιας (plausible wisdom) along with $\mathfrak{P}$⁴⁶. The Latin text supports reading πειθοι σοφιας (plausible wisdom) – 35 and Codex Augiensis (Latin text).^[14]

In 2 Corinthians 2:10 the Greek text reads τηλικουτου θανατου, along with the codices: א, A, B, C, D^gr, K, P, Ψ, 0121a, 0209, 0243, 33, 81, 88, 104, 181, 326, 330, 436, 451, 614, 1241, 1739, 1877, 1881, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2127, 2492, 2495, Byz.^[15]

The Old Irish Poem in the Codex Boernerianus

On folio 23 verso at the footnote written Irish verse which refer to making a pilgrimage to Rome:

Téicht do róim [téicht do róim]

Mór saido becic torbai

Inrí chondaigi hifoss

Manimbera latt ni fog bai.

Mór báis mor baile

Mór coll ceille mór mise

Olais aurchenn teicht dóecaib

Beith fó étoil maic Maire.

Below biblical text Irish verse (three lines)

Scrivener's translation:

To come to Rome, to come to Rome,

Much of trouble, little of profit,

The thing thou seekest here,

If thou bring not with thee, thou

findest not.

Great folly, great madness,

Great ruin of sense, great insanity,

Since thou has set out for death,

That thou shouldest be in disobedience

to the Son of Mary.^[16]

E. Windisch proposed different translation of that verse:

„Nach Rom gehen

Viel Mühe, wenig Nutzen!

Der König, den du hienieden suchst,

Wenn du ihm mich mitbringst, findest du (ihn) nicht.

Groß die Torheit, groß der Wahnsinn!

Groß die Verderbnis des Sinns, groß der Irrsinn!

Weil in den Tod gehen sicher bevorsteht,

Soll es sein unter ... von Mariens Sohn!“^[17]

Robert Relyea translated (the above German) it into English in that way:

According to Rome

Great effort, little benefit!

The king you are seeking

If you do not bring him, you can find (him).

Great folly, great madness,

The wholesale corruption of meaning, great madness!

Because going will bring death,

Should it be under... Son of Mary!^[18]

Bruce M. Metzger in his book quoted the translation of Scrivener.^[19] This seems to have been written by a disappointed pilgrim. The Irish language was not the first language for the author of this verse.

History

The codex was probably written by an Irish monk in the Abbey of St. Gall, Switzerland between 850-900 A.D. Kuster was the first to recognize the 9th century date of Codex Boernerianus.^[20] The evidence for this date includes the style of the script, the smaller uncial letters in Greek, the Latin interlinear written in Anglo-Saxon minuscule, and the separation of words.^[21]

In 1670 it was in the hands of P. Junius at Leiden.^[22] The codex got its name from its first German owner, University of Leipzig professor Boerner, who bought it in Holland in the year 1705.^[2] It was collated by Kuster, described in the preface to his edition of Mill's Greek New Testament. The manuscript was designated by symbol G in the second part of Wettstein's New Testament.^[23] The text of the codex was published by Matthaei, at Meissen, in Saxony, in 1791, and supposed by him to have been written between the 8th and 12th centuries.^[24] Rettig thought that Codex Sangallensis is a part of the same book as the Codex Boernerianus.^[25]

During World War II, the codex suffered severely from water damage. Thus, the facsimile, as published in 1909, provides the most legible text. Some scholars believe that, originally, this codex formed a unit with the Gospel manuscript Codex Sangallensis 48 (Δ/037). Boernerianus is housed now in the Saxon State Library (A 145b), Dresden, Germany, while Δ (037) is at Saint Gallen, in Switzerland.^[3]

See also

• Codex Augiensis
• List of New Testament Latin manuscripts
• List of New Testament uncials

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Aland, Kurt; Barbara Aland; Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.) (1995). The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 110. ISBN 978-0-8028-4098-1. 
2. ^ ^{a b} Gregory, Caspar René (1900). Textkritik des Neuen Testaments. 1. Leipzig: J.C. Hinrichs'sche Buchhandlung. p. 112. http://www.archive.org/stream/textkritikdesne00greggoog#page/n125/mode/2up. 
3. ^ ^{a b} Metzger, Bruce M.; Ehrman, Bart D. (2005). The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration (4 ed.). New York – Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 75–76. ISBN 978-0-19-516122-9. 
4. ^ NA26, p. 466.
5. ^ Bruce M. Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament (Deutsche Biblegesellschaft: Stuttgart, 2001), pp. 499-500.
6. ^ A. H. McNeile, An Introduction to the Study of the New Testament, revised by C. S. C. Williams, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1955, p. 399.
7. ^ UBS3, p. 575.
8. ^ UBS3, p. 661.
9. ^ UBS4, p. 679.
10. ^ NA26, p. 521.
11. ^ UBS3, p. 548.
12. ^ UBS3, p. 577.
13. ^ UBS3, p. 581.
14. ^ UBS3, p. 581.
15. ^ UBS3, p. 622.
16. ^ Scrivener, Frederick Henry Ambrose; Edward Miller (1894). A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament. 1 (4 ed.). London: George Bell & Sons. p. 180. 
17. ^ A. Reichardt, Introduction Der Codex Boernerianus. Der Briefe des Apostels Paulus, Verlag von Karl W. Hiersemann, Leipzig 1909, p. 12.
18. ^ E. Windisch, Das altirische Gedicht im Codex Boernerianus, in the "Berichten über die Verhandlungen der Kgl. Sächs Gesellschaft der Wiss. Zu Leipzig philos.-hist.-Klasse", Vol 421890, p. 83. See also: Alexander Reichhart, Introduction, translated by Robert Relyea.
19. ^ B. M. Metzger, Manuscripts of the Greek Bible: An Introduction to Palaeography, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1981, p. 104.
20. ^ Alexander Reichardt, Introduction, translated by Robert Relyea.
21. ^ Victor Gardthausen, Griechische Paläographie (Greek Paleography). Leipzig 1879. p. 271, 428 and 166; see also. H. Marsh, Comments. . to J. D. Michaelis' Introduction. I. p. 263
22. ^ C.v. Tischendorf, Editio octava critica maior, p. 427.
23. ^ Alexander Chalmers, The General biographical dictionary (London 1812), Vol. 4, pp. 508-509.
24. ^ Ch. F. Matthaei, XIII epistolarum Pauli codex Graecus cum versione latine veteri vulgo Antehieronymiana olim Boernerianus nunc bibliothecae electoralis Dresdensis, Meissen, 1791.
25. ^ H. C. M. Rettig, Antiquissimus quattor evangeliorum canonicorum Codex Sangallensis Graeco-Latinus intertlinearis, (Zurich, 1836).

For further readings

• Peter Corssen, Epistularum Paulinarum Latine Scriptos Augiensem, Boernerianum, Claromontanum, Jever Druck von H. Fiencke 1887-1889.
• W. H. P. Hatch, On the Relationship of Codex Augiensis and Codex Boernerianus of the Pauline Epistles, Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, Vol. 60, 1951, pp. 187–199.
• Alexander Reichardt, Der Codex Boernerianus. Der Briefe des Apostels Paulus, Verlag von Karl W. Hiersemann, Leipzig 1909.
• Bruce M. Metzger, Manuscripts of the Greek Bible: An Introduction to Palaeography, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1981, pp. 104-105.

External links

• Codex Boernerianus G^p (012) at the CSNTM (images of the 1909 facsimile edition)
• Codex Boernerianus G^p (012) recently made photos at SLUB Dresden Digitale Bibliothek
• Codex Boernerianus recently made photos at SLUB Dresden Digitale Bibliothek (PDF)
• Manuscript G^p (012) at the Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism