Lake Temagami

Infobox lake
lake_name = Lake Temagami
image_lake = Temagami 79.97192W 47.01192N.jpg
caption_lake = The lake with its many branches, bays and islands
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location = Temagami, Ontario
coords = coord|46|57|N|80|05|W|region:CA-ON_type:waterbody|display=inline,title
type =
inflow =
outflow = Temagami River
catchment =
basin_countries = Canada
length =
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shore =
elevation =
islands = ca. 1,259 (Temagami Island)
cities =

Lake Temagami is a lake in Nipissing District in northeastern Ontario, Canada, situated approximately 80 km north of North Bay. The lake's name comes from "Te-mee-ay-gaming", which means "deep water by the shore" in the Ojibwa language.

Geography

The lake is irregularly shaped with long north, northeast and southwest arms, shorter northwest and south arms and several smaller bays. The town of Temagami is located at the end of the northeast arm of the lake. It extends almost 50 km from north to south and about 35 km from east to west. There are approximately 1,259 islands, the largest of which is Temagami Island. The lake's outflow is the Temagami River which in turn flows into the Sturgeon River.

The lands surrounding the lake are part of the Canadian Shield, one of the largest single exposure of Precambrian rocks in the world which were formed after the earth's crust cooled. Part of Lake Temagami lies in the Temagami Magnetic Anomaly, an egg shaped geologic structure stretching from Lake Wanapitei in the west to Bear Island. It has striking similarities to the Sudbury Basin, which is one of the richest mining camps in the world. The hills in the Temagami area are remnants of the oldest mountain ranges in North America, that date back during the Precambrian era. These enormous mountains were taller than any that exist today. The uplifting was accomplished as enormous pressure caused the earth to buckle in a process called folding. Other processes, such as volcanic activity and geologic faulting in which the earth cracks open also contributed to the formation of these mountains. Over millions of years, these enormous mountains were gradually eroded to the land we know it today in Temagami.

The rocks that form Temagami to this day are igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rock. The area has good potential to host diamondiferous kimberlites and more diamond bearing kimberlites may continue to be discovered in the area. The Temagami area also contains some pillow lava about 2 billion years old, indicating that great submarine volcanoes existed during the early stages of the formation of the Earth's crust.

The northeast arm of Lake Temagami is underlain by a strong fault zone of sheared felsic to intermediate metavolcanics that is approximately Unit m|1200 wide. The fault zone is associated with the Saint Lawrence rift system which remains seismically active while the metavolcanics are associated with the Temagami greenstone belt, an Archean greenstone belt characterized by felsic-mafic volcanic rocks. The faults are related to the opening of the Iapetus Ocean.

Lake Temagami and its surrounding lakes provide endless opportunities for canoe camping. There are over 2,000 km of interconnecting canoe routes.

The region contains some of the largest remaining stands of old growth red and white pine forests in Ontario.

History

In 1834, the Hudson's Bay Company opened a fur trading post on the lake, which operated during the 19th century. The Forest Reserves Act of 1898 established the Temagami Forest Reserve on the shores and adjacent lands of the lake in 1901. It was created to reserve the forests for future logging by restricting settlement. In 1904 it was increased to 15,000 km² (5,900 square miles). As a result of this reserve, the building of cottages and resorts was only permitted on the lake's islands. This restriction is still in force today. Lake Temagami is popular for cottage vacationing: the number of cottages on Lake Temagami are estimated between 630 and 746. In addition there are 9 youth camps, and 12 commercial lodges.

Keewaydin Canoe Camp is based on Devil's Island, in the shadow of Devil's Mountain and across from Granny's Bay in the northern section of the lake. Keeywaydin, founded in 1902, is one of several camps on Lake Temagami whose focus is on wilderness canoe trips using traditional equipment such as cedar and canvas canoes and wannigans.Wiktionarypar|wannigan Camp Wigwasati, on the southwest arm, began running canoe trips in the Temagami wilderness in 1930. Wigwasati is now known as [http://www.camptemagami.com Camp Temagami] . A few kilometers south of Keeywaydin, [http://www.wabun.com Camp Wabun] has run canoe trips in the area since 1933. Keeywaydin, Temagami and Wabun were boys camps when founded but have since all become co-ed. Appleby College's northern campus is located on Rabbit Nose island, opened in the mid 1970s it provides a launching point for their Northward Bound program which takes place in January, February, May and June.

A copper mine opened on Temagami Island in 1954 called Copperfield's Mine. It produced 34,000,000 dollars Canadian and was considered to mine the purest copper ore in Canada. The mine closed in 1972.

References

* [http://www.ottertooth.com/tem_index.htm Ottertooth.com: Temagami's online magazine]
*Macdonald, Craig, "Historical Map of Temagami", 1985
*"Temagami Integrated Planning Background Information", 2005, ISBN 0-7794-7060-5, [http://www.ontarioparks.com/English/planning_pdf/tema_background.pdf Online version]
* [http://www.temagami.ca/htm/abouttemagami.htm Municipality of Temagami: Background and Facts and Figures about Temagami]
*Hap Wilson, "Temagami Canoe Routes", 7th edition 1992, ISBN 0-9693258-1-9

External links

* [http://www.ottertooth.com/tem_index.htm Ottertooth.com: Temagami's online magazine]
* [http://www.mytemagami.ca MyTemagami.CA]
* [http://lucid.dreaming.org/temagami/index.html Land of Deep Water]