TAT European Airlines

Touraine Air Transport (TAT) is a former French regional airline based in Tours. It was formed in 1968 as a result of a merger between Rousseau Aviation and Taxi Avia France. Air France acquired a minority stake in the airline in 1989. Between 1993 and 1996 the company was gradually taken over by British Airways. It subsequently merged with Air Liberté. The merged entity was sold on to the SAir Group in 2001, which in turn merged it with AOM.

History

During the 1970s and 1980s TAT built up a comprehensive network of regional, short-haul domestic and international scheduled routes. Many of the airline's French domestic routes were operated in collaboration with Air Inter, at the time the dominant domestic scheduled airline in France as well as the largest domestic airline in Europe. Most international routes were operated in conjunction with Air France, the primary French flag carrier at the time. Year-round services linking Lille with London Heathrow as well as Strasbourg with Milan Linate and a seasonal Beziers-London Gatwick service were among the international routes TAT operated during that time.

All joint operations with Air Inter and Air France were operated under those airlines' flight numbers and were prefixed with those carriers' two-letter airline identification codes as allocated by IATA, i.e. IT for Air Inter and AF for Air France. The aircraft used on all year-round international operations under contract to Air France wore that airline's full livery.

In addition, from the late 1970s until the early 1980s, TAT used to operate a scheduled German internal route linking Saarbrücken with Berlin Tegel. This route was operated on behalf of TAT Export, a wholly owned subsidiary. ["Berlin Airport Company, December 1977-January 1984 Monthly Timetable Booklets for Berlin Tempelhof and Berlin Tegel Airports", Berlin Airport Company, West Berlin, 1977-1984]

The airline also started an express delivery services company in 1976 which still exists as of 2007. [ [http://www.tatexpress.com/en/ TAT Express, express industrial transport ] ]

During the early 1980s TAT acquired its regional rivals Air Alpes and Air Alsace. As a result of these mergers, the airline established itself as France's largest regional airline as well as the leading regional partner of Air France.

In July 1989 Air France acquired a 35% stake in TAT. (At that time TAT was the fourth-largest French airline [after Air France, Air Inter and UTA] .) [ [http://www.answers.com/topic/soci-t-air-france?cat=biz-fin Société Air France: Information and Much More from Answers.com ] ]

Following the gradual liberalisation of Europe's air transport market and the creation of the common European aviation market in the early 1990s, TAT changed its official name to Transport Aérien Transrégional. This was the time TAT began taking advantage of the EU's newly liberalised internal air transport market by launching a three times daily scheduled service between Paris Charles de Gaulle and London Gatwick, the first time it had operated a scheduled service on a major international European trunk route.

In January 1993 British Airways acquired a 49.9% stake in TAT. [ [http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/eiro/1997/04/feature/fr9704138f.html Strikes in the air transport industry ] ] [http://www.bamuseum.com/museumhistory90.html] From then on TAT began marketing itself as TAT European Airlines, and it began operating all international scheduled services in British Airways colours and under BA flight numbers. TAT also joined the British Airways Executive Club frequent flier programme at that time. The change in ownership furthermore resulted in the launch of two new international routes linking Lyon and Marseille with London Gatwick from the start of the 1993 summer timetable period. TAT's subsequent launch of three daily return flights between Paris Orly and London Heathrow complemented British Airways' own thrice daily Heathrow-Orly service. This enabled British Airways to circumvent the slot restrictions the slot co-ordinator for the airports in the Paris region had imposed on Orly's non-resident airline users, which limited each of these airlines to holding a maximum of four daily pairs of slots, and to offer up to six daily round-trips on that route. As a result of these developments, Air France ended all commercial co-operation with TAT. [http://www.bamuseum.com/museumhistory90.html]

In August 1996 British Airways acquired the remaining 50.1% of TAT's share capital, thus acquiring 100% ownership. [http://www.bamuseum.com/museumhistory90.html]

Later on during the 1990s British Airways brought TAT under joint management control with Air Liberté, in which it had acquired a controlling stake in October 1996. [http://www.bamuseum.com/museumhistory90.html]

British Airways subsequently merged TAT into Air Liberté to achieve a significant reduction in costs and greater operational synergies. The UK flag carrier eventually disposed of the merged entity in May 2001 to rid itself of years of heavy losses and difficult labour relations at its French subsidiaries. [http://www.bamuseum.com/museumhistory90.html]

Aircraft types operated

Throughout its existence TAT operated a variety of piston-engined commuter airliners as well as regional turboprop and jet aircraft, including the following main types:
* Beech 99/99A
* Fokker F27 "Friendship"/Fairchild F-27A
* Fairchild-Hiller FH227B
* Fokker F28 "Fellowship" (1000 and 4000 series)
* Fokker F100
* VFW 614.

Incidents and accidents

During its existence TAT suffered two fatal accidents and four non-fatal incidents. These occurred between 1975 and 1991. [http://aviation-safety.net/database/operator/airline.php?var=4830] [http://aviation-safety.net/database/operator/airline.php?var=4763]

Fatal accidents

The first fatal accident occurred on 2 July, 1975. One of the airline's Beech 99 piston-engined commuter airliners (registration F-BTQE) operating a scheduled domestic flight from Nantes to Brest crashed on take-off from Nantes Airport due to the failure of the aircraft's no. 2 engine, as a result of which it caught fire. The aircraft came down on a near-by railway line. All eight occupants, including both pilots and six passengers were killed in this accident. [http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19750702-0]

The second fatal accident occurred on 4 March, 1988. It involved one of the company's Fairchild-Hiller FH227Bs (registration F-GCPS) [http://aviation-safety.net/photos/displayphoto.php?id=19880304-0&vnr=1&kind=PC] operating an early morning scheduled service from Nancy to Paris Orly. An electrical system malfunction during the start of the aircraft's descent on the final portion of its flight to Paris Orly resulted in a sudden loss of control. This in turn caused the aircraft to descend very rapidly. It struck power lines and crashed near Fontainebleau, killing all 23 occupants (two pilots, one flight attendant and 20 passengers). This accident constituted the firm's worst air disaster in terms of loss of life. [http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19880304-0]

Non-fatal incidents

On 5 July, 1979 a Fairchild F-27A (registration F-GBRS) [http://aviation-safety.net/photos/displayphoto.php?id=19790705-0&vnr=1&kind=C] with 18 occupants on board was damaged beyond repair in an incident that occurred on the ground at Paris Orly while the aircraft was stationary. None of the aircraft's occupants were injured as a result of that incident. The aircraft was subsequently written off. [http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19790705-0]

On 4 September, 1983 a Beech 99 (registration F-BUYG) [http://aviation-safety.net/photos/displayphoto.php?id=19830904-0&vnr=1&kind=PO] was damaged beyond repair following a crash at Tours. There were no reported injuries among the aircraft's occupants. [http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19830904-0]

On 25 February, 1988 a Beech 99A (registration F-BTMJ) was reportedly damaged and put into storage at Dinard. There were no reports of any injuries. The aircraft was subsequently written off. [http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19880225-0]

On 23 March, 1991 a Fairchild-Hiller FH227B (registration F-GCPZ) burnt out while parked on the ground at Dinard. There were no injuries as a result of this incident. The aircraft's burnt-out hull [http://aviation-safety.net/photos/displayphoto.php?id=19910323-1&vnr=1&kind=C] was subsequently put into storage at Dinard. [http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19910323-1]

Code data

*Former IATA code (1): IJ (TAT)
*Former IATA code (2): IO (TAT Export)
*Former ICAO code:
*Former callsign:

Notes

References/External links

*Photograph of timetable [http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/ij.htm]
*Photograph of a TAT F28-1000 in Air France colours at Edinburgh Turnhouse in the late 1970s [http://www.airliners.net/open.file?id=0536978&WxsIERv=Sbxxre%20S-28-1000%20Sryybjfuvc&Wm=0&WdsYXMg=Nve%20Senapr%20%28GNG%20-%20Gbhenvar%20Nve%20Genafcbeg%29&QtODMg=Rqvaohetu%20-%20Gheaubhfr%20%28RQV%20%2F%20RTCU%29&ERDLTkt=HX%20-%20Fpbgynaq&ktODMp=Yngr%201970%27f&BP=1&WNEb25u=Znegva%20Fgrcura&xsIERvdWdsY=S-OHGR&MgTUQtODMgKE=Cvpgherq%20ng%20Rqvaohetu.%20%28Fyvqr%20pbcvrq%20jvgu%20Shwv%204700%20naq%20Yrvpn%20Qvtvpbcl%29&YXMgTUQtODMgKERD=1057&NEb25uZWxs=2004-03-20%2000%3A00%3A00&ODJ9dvCE=&O89Dcjdg=11031&static=yes&width=1071&height=709&sok=JURER%20%20%28nveyvar%20%3D%20%27Nve%20Senapr%20%28GNG%20-%20Gbhenvar%20Nve%20Genafcbeg%29%27%29%20%20BEQRE%20OL%20cubgb_vq%20QRFP&photo_nr=7&prev_id=0726176&next_id=0408461&size=L]
*British Airways Archives and Museum Collection (1990-Present) [http://www.bamuseum.com/museumhistory90.html]
*cite journal| title=Flight International | publisher=Reed Business Information | place=Sutton, UK | issn= 0015-3710 (various backdated issues relating to TAT, 1968-2001)
*cite book| title=Berlin Airport - Company December 1977-January 1984 Monthly Timetable Booklets for Berlin Tempelhof and Berlin Tegel Airports (German language edition only), 1977-1984 | publisher=Berlin Airport Company | place=West Berlin, Germany