Solar Monitoring Observatory

Solar Monitoring Observatory

The Solar Monitoring Observatory (SOLAR / SMO) is an ESA science observatory that is part of the Columbus Laboratory, which is a component of the International Space Station. The Columbus module (including SOLAR) was launched February 2008 aboard STS-122. SOLAR was externally mounted to the Columbus Laboratory, together with the European Technology Exposure Facility (EuTEF). Some other components are also planned to be mounted externally on Columbus on future missions, including the Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space (ACES).

SOLAR consists of three space science instruments: SOVIM, [http://www.aerov.jussieu.fr/projet/SOLSPEC SOLSPEC] and SOL-ACES. Together they will provide detailed measurements of the Sun's spectral irradiance. [cite web|url=http://www.busoc.be/solarpackage.en.htm|title=Solar Package on ISS|publisher=Belgian User Support and Operation Centre|accessdate=2007-09-21] Once installed on the ISS, Solar is planned to operate continuously for approximately 1.5 years.

The mission was originally planned for a 2003 launch, but was delayed following the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster.

The SOVIM ("So"lar "V"ariantions and "I"rradiance "M"onitor) instrument is based on an earlier instrument (SOVA) which flew aboard the European Retrievable Carrier, launched on STS-46 in 1992. [cite web|url=http://www.busoc.be/general/spacesciences/sovim.pdf|title=SOVIM (Solar Variability and Irradiance Monitor)|author=Nicolas Manise|publisher=Belgian International Space Station User Support Center|date=2000-08-22|accessdate=2007-09-21] It is designed to measure solar radiation with wavelengths from 200 nanometers - 100 micrometers. This covers near-ultraviolet, visible and infrared areas of the spectrum.

[http://www.aerov.jussieu.fr/projet/SOLSPEC SOLSPEC] ("Sol"ar "Spec"tral irradiance measurements) is designed to measure the solar spectral irradiance in the 165 - 3000 nanometer range with high spectral resolution.

SOL-ACES ("A"uto-"c"alibrating "E"xtreme Ultraviolet and Ultraviolet spectrometer"s") consists of four grazing incidence grating spectrometers. They are designed to measure the EUV/UV spectral regime (17 nanometers - 220 nanometers) with moderate spectral resolution. [cite web|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1464-1917(00)00060-X|title=The solar package on ISS: SOL-ACES|publisher=Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part C: Solar, Terrestrial & Planetary Science, Volume 25, Issues 5-6, 2000, Pages 473-476|date=2000-09-15|author=Wienhold, F.G. et al.|accessdate=2007-09-21]

The SOLAR platform and its instruments are controlled from the [http://www.busoc.be Belgian User Support and Operations Centre] (B.USOC), located at the [http://www.aeronomy.be Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy] (BISA) in Uccle, Belgium.

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