Ataullah Mengal

Infobox_President | name=Sardar Ataullah Khan Mengal
nationality=Baloch and British
order=1st
frame|right|thumb|Sardar Ataullah Mengal
term_start=May 1 1972
term_end=February 13 1973
predecessor=Office created
successor=Jam Ghulam Qadir Khan
birth_date= 1929
birth_place= Wadh, Balochistan
dead=alive
religion= Sunni Muslim
spouse=
party=Balochistan National Party

Sardar Ataullah Khan Mengal ( _ur. سردار عطااللہ خان مینگل), popularly known as Sardar Ataullah Mengal, is a well known political figure of Pakistan hailing from Balochistan. He has been campaigning a nationalist and separatist movement in Pakistan for over four decades. He is the head of the Mengal tribe. He was born in 1929 in Wadh, and became the first Chief Minister of Balochistan during Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's premiership from May 1, 1972 to February 13, 1973.

It was reported that Sardar Ataullah Khan Mengal is one of many candidates considered for the position of President of Pakistan after the resignation of Pervez Musharraf [ [http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C08%5C19%5Cstory_19-8-2008_pg7_3 Top contenders for office of president] ] .

Joining National Awami Party

In 1969, Ataullah Mengal along with the other Baloch leaders, chief of Marri tribe Khair Bakhsh Marri and chief of Bizenjo tribe Ghaus Bux Bizenjo joined the National Awami Party (Wali) of Khan Wali Khan and developed a close friendship with Wali Khan over the next decade. In the 1970 general election, National Awami Party sweeped the provinces of Balochistan and N.W.F.P., thus forming forming governments in each of them. In Balochistan, Ataullah Mengal was made the first chief minister of the province.

Chief Minister of Balochistan

Ataullah Mengal won the provincial seat from his native Kohlu and was installed as the chief minister on 1 May, 1972, the day the martial law was lifted from the country. In his short time as Chief Minister he pushed through many initiatives, in which the province's first university, medical college and board of secondary education were set up as well as the first industrial city of the province, in Hub, Lasbela District.

Dismissal of NAP-led government

Despite Mengal's best efforts, the NAP government was plunged into several crises which culminated with his governments dismissal.

The first of which was when the Balochistan police department, mostly officered by people from Punjab or were Punjabis. As there was a provision that employees in the federating provinces would return to their province of origin after the dissolution of the One Unit. Most of the officers insisted on leaving this was despite the fact, Sardar Ataullah Mengal as chief minister moved a resolution in the Balochistan Assembly to do away with the domicile category and suggested that those who had spent several generations in the province should be treated as locals (Rahman 2006). It was later on alleged that the officers were incited to leave through the efforts of PPP supporters and the then Chief Minister of Punjab Ghulam Mustafa Khar.

Unable to exercise any effective authority Ataullah Mengal turned to the Baloch Student Organisation to assist in security.

Discovery of London Plan

The policing crisis also gave way to a subsequent intra tribal conflict that broke out, which again the Baloch nationalists believe was fomented by the then Interior Minister Abdul Qayyum Khan. However, the final straw was the discovery of arms in the Iraqi embassy in Islamabad and Nawab Akbar Bugti's declaration of the "London Plan", that alleged that NAP-led governments in Balochistan and NWFP was seceding to gain independence from Pakistan. Hence, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's government, fresh from the humiliation of 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War used the pretext of arms shipment from Iraq to dismember Pakistan and dismissed the Balochistan provincial government in 1973. Ataullah Mengal and his colleagues, including Ghaus Bux Bizenjo and Khair Bakhsh Marri were arrested along with other NAP leaders.

It was also during this time that one of Ataullah Mengal's sons, Asadullah Mengal, was killed and taken away by intelligence agencies in Karachi outside the home of the Mazari tribal chief Mir Balakh Sher Mazari.

Hyderabad tribunal

A commission, later known as Hyderabad tribunal, was set up by the PPP-led government and was used to convict the NAP leaders, despite its dubious legality and now discredited work. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, the then Prime Minister of Pakistan, also suppressed the insurgency in Balochistan by using the air force and with the cooperation of the regime of the Shah of Iran. Some tribals, however, did not join the revolt and collaborated with the government in suppressing their co-tribals. Among the tribals who collaborated with the government and the Pakistani military-intelligence establishment were the Jamalis, led by the family of Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali, who became the premier during General Pervez Musharraf's regime.

After the ouster of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's government by General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, negotiations for the winding up of the Hyderabad tribunal and the release of all detainees was initiated leading to their eventual release in 1979.

Differences with NAP leaders

By this time a clear divide between NAP leader Wali Khan and Baloch leaders Ataullah Mengal and Ghaus Bux Bizenjo. Mengal and many other Baloch Nationalists increasingly believed that the Army was responsible for a brutal military operation and that they should be opposed by force, whereas Wali Khan felt more personal bitterness towards Zulfikar Bhutto as he felt Bhutto had ordered his assassination on more than one occasion. This divide turned into a total split when Ataullah Mengal allied himself with Khair Bakhsh Marri and attempted to take over the National Democratic Party (a successor to the then banned NAP). Sherbaz Khan Mazari, president of the National Democratic Party and a champion for the Baloch cause tried to reconcile these differences but did not succeed. When this attempt failed Ataullah Mengal left the party. He subsequently went into exile and took sanctuary in the United Kingdom, where he established contact with the authorities of the erstwhile Soviet Union through the regime in Kabul and received financial and logistics support from Moscow.

Assisting Afghan communists

When the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), through Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), trained and armed the Afghan mujahideen and other Islamic fundamentalist elements and used them to bleed the Soviet troops in Afghanistan, the Marris and the Mengals kept away from the anti-Soviet jihad and helped the KGB, the Soviet intelligence agency, and the KHAD, the Afghan intelligence agency, in the collection of intelligence regarding the activities of the CIA and the ISI on the Pakistani side of the border. Fact|date=February 2007

Founding BNP

Sardar Ataullah Mengal returned to Balochistan in the mid-1990s, after which he formed the Balochistan National Party, which emerged as the largest political party in the province. Mengal's youngest son, Sardar Akhtar Mengal served as the Chief Minister of Balochistan in 1997, during the premiership of Nawaz Sharif.

Legacy

Sardar Ataullah Khan Menagal was not the only and first indigenous elected chief minister of Balochistan, but he was also the country's, most probably the world's, first tribal chief elected by his people. When asked to take the responsibility as tribal chief, his reaction was to pick up a most suitable person from the tribe. A grand jirga from Mengal tribe voted for him after his father's death. That's what makes him a unique tribal chief, elected by his own people. Fact|date=March 2008

External links

* Rahman, Shamimur. [http://dawn.com/weekly/dmag/archive/060212/dmag1.htm "Nothing but provincial autonomy"] "DAWN Magazine", February 12, 2006. Last accessed on 21-02-06

###@@@KEY@@@###succession box |title=Chief Minister of Balochistan
years=1 May, 1972 - 13 February, 1973
before=Post created| after=Jam Ghulam Qadir Khan

References