Salan

:"For other uses, see: Salan (disambiguation)"

Salan, Dux Salanus or Zalan (Bulgarian and Serbian Cyrillic: Салан or Залан; Hungarian: "Zalán") was, according to the Gesta Hungarorum, a Bulgarian voivod (duke) who ruled in the 9th century between Danube and Tisa rivers, mainly in the territory of present-day Bačka region of Serbia and Hungary. The capital city of his voivodship (duchy) was Titel. The exact northern border of his duchy is not clear: according to some sources, his duchy included only Bačka, [http://curug.rastko.net/9-vek/img/karta/9vek.jpg] while according to other sources his duchy also included much of present-day central Hungary.

History

According to GH, Salan was a vassal of the Bulgarian tsar (Emperor), but it is not clear if he was of Bulgarian origin or from the local Slavic population. The chronicle states that he was descendant of the Bulgarian Khan who conquered the territory up to the border of Russians and Poles after the death of Attila the Hun.

There is a theory that his name means "the salt man", so it could be a name given to him by the authors of the chronicles, describing the role he had: supplying salt for his suzerain (tsar Simeon the Great of Bulgaria).

At the time of Hungarian conquest (after 896), Hungarians attacked Salan's voivodship and Bulgarian tsar Simeon came to the aid to voivod Salan and even the Byzantine Emperor sent auxiliary troops against the Hungarians. The Hungarians defeated a united Bulgarian and Byzantine army led by Salan in the early 10th century on the plains of Alpar [http://www.fanaticus.org/DBA/armies/dba107.html] and the voivodship of Salan fell under Hungarian rule.

ources

The main historical source about duke Salan is a historical chronicle known as Gesta Hungarorum, written by Magister P., notary of Hungarian King Bela in the late 12th century. Gesta Hungarorum, however, is not considered to be a fully reliable source, thus Salan could be a fictional person. However, the 10th century Lombard chronicler, Liudprand, also wrote about a Hungarian victory over the Bulgarians and the Byzantines in the early 10th century [http://www.geocities.com/amadgearu/notary.htm] and other sources also mention that area between Danube and Tisa was under Bulgarian rule, which confirm some claims from Gesta Hungarorum regarding the story about Salan.

Literature

* Marko Jovanov, "Devet vekova od pomena imena Titela", Titelski letopis, Titel, 2001.
* Dr Aleksa Ivić, "Istorija Srba u Vojvodini", Novi Sad, 1929.
* Prof.dr Radmilo Petrović, "Vojvodina", Beograd, 2003.

ee also

* Bulgarian-Hungarian Wars
* Vojvodina
* History of Vojvodina
* Rulers of Vojvodina
* Bačka

External links

* [http://curug.rastko.net/9-vek/img/karta/9vek.jpgDuchy of Salan (map)]
* [http://members.tripod.com/cafehome/slike/GestaHungarorum.gifDuchy of Salan (map)]
* [http://www.geocities.com/amadgearu/notary.htm The Romanians in the work of anonymous notary]
* [http://www.fanaticus.org/DBA/armies/dba107.html The Magyars (650-997 AD)]
* [http://www.eliznik.org.uk/RomaniaHistory/trans-gesta_hun.htm The "Gesta Hungarorum" and the Romanian continuity theory]
* [http://mek.oszk.hu/02200/02245/02245.htm#31 Gesta Hungarorum]