Caribbean Martin

Taxobox
name = Caribbean Martin
status = LC
status_system = iucn3.1
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Aves
ordo = Passeriformes
familia = Hirundinidae
genus = "Progne"
species = "P. dominicensis"
binomial = "Progne dominicensis"
binomial_authority = (Gmelin, 1789)

The Caribbean Martin or White-bellied Martin, "Progne dominicensis", is a large swallow.

The nominate race "P. d. dominicensis" breeds on Caribbean islands from Jamaica east to Tobago, "P. d. sinaloae" (Sinaloa Martin) is the west Mexican subspecies, and "P. d. cryptoleuca" (Cuban Martin) is found on Cuba. There are sight records from mainland Central and South America, and most birds appear to migrate to the South American mainland. A single bird was recorded in Key West, Florida, on May 9,1895 (AOU 2000).

The three subspecies have at various times been considered as separate species, or alternatively as races of the Purple Martin, "Progne subis".

Adult Caribbean Martins are 18.5 cm in length, with a forked tail and relatively broad wings, and weigh 40g. Adult males are a glossy blue-black with contrasting white lower underparts. Females and juveniles are duller than the male, with grey-brown breast and flanks and white lower underparts.

The Caribbean Martin nests in cavities in banks and buildings, or old woodpecker holes. 3-6 eggs are laid in the lined nest, and incubated for 15 days, with another 26-27 to fledging. Just as the purple martin, this species may compete with other passerines for nesting cavities. In particular, the main foe is the house sparrow [http://purplemartin.org/forumarchives/archive/HSrevenge.htm] in urban areas, where they mostly use man-made structures, whereas in more rural locations "Picidae" holes in coconut trees are favored, and there is less competition with the sparrows.

Caribbean Martins are gregarious birds which hunt for insects in flight. Their call is a gurgly "chew-chew".

References

* American Ornithologists' Union (AOU) (2000): Forty-second supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds. "Auk" 117(3): 847–858. DOI: 10.1642/0004-8038(2000)117 [0847:FSSTTA] 2.0.CO;2

* Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern

* ffrench , Richard; O'Neill, John Patton & Eckelberry, Don R. (1991): "A guide to the birds of Trinidad and Tobago" (2nd edition). Comstock Publishing, Ithaca, N.Y.. ISBN 0-8014-9792-2

* Hilty, Steven L. (2003): "Birds of Venezuela". Christopher Helm, London. ISBN 0-7136-6418-5

* Turner, Angela & Rose, Chris (1989): "Swallows and martins: an identification guide and handbook". Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-51174-7