- Timeline of the Norwegian Campaign
The
Norwegian Campaign , lasting from9 April to10 June 1940 , led to the first direct land confrontation between the military forces of the Allies —United Kingdom andFrance — againstNazi Germany inWorld War II .January 1940
:27: German planners assign the code name "Weserübung" to the operation.
February 1940
:5: Using assistance to
Finland as rationale, theAllied Supreme War Council decides on intervention in Norway. Initial plans are for a landing atNarvik , and success would rely on the acquiescence of Norway and Sweden. It is clear that despite the stated rationale, cutting supplies of iron ore to Germany is a prime motivation for the plan.:16: The British destroyer "HMS Cossack " intercepts the German transport "Altmark" in Norwegian waters, recovering 299 British prisoners of war. TheAltmark Incident makes public the attitude of the Allies toward intervention in Norway, and provides impetus to German planners to accelerate their plans.:21: GeneralNikolaus von Falkenhorst is appointed to command the invasion of Norway. He will command German forces in Norway until 1944.March 1940
:1: A final order is given for the German attack on Norway and Denmark:3: The date for invasion is set for
March 17 ,1940 , although this is later delayed to April.:28: The Allies decide to begin mining Norwegian waters (Operation Wilfred ), and to send a military force to Norway to preempt German aggression. The end of theWinter War deprives the Allies of their primary excuse for the operation. Mining operations are set to start onApril 5 ,1940 , but this is moved up toApril 8 ,1940 due to disagreements withFrance about the associatedOperation Royal Marine .April 1940
* 1: Hitler approves final plans for the attacks on Norway and Denmark.
* 2: Germany setsApril 9 ,1940 as the date for "Weserübung ".
* 3:Winston Churchill becomes the chair of the BritishMinisterial Defence Committee . One of his first actions is to get consent for mining operations in Norwegian territorial waters.
* 5: France and the United Kingdom notify Norway of their reservation of the right to deny Germany access to Norwegian resources.
* 6: British Admiralty receives a report from Copenhagen stating ten German destroyers are headed towards Narvik, but considers the possibility of such an event doubtful.
* 7: German vessels begin to set to sea for Operation Weserübung, some are seen by RAF reconnaissance and later attacked without effect by bombers. Home Fleet moves NNE in search of the enemy, they are joined by the 2nd Cruiser Squadron.
* 8: HMS "Glowworm" is sunk by the German cruiser "Admiral Hipper" after giving chase to the German destroyer Bernd Von Arnim. Polish submarineORP Orzel sinks the German transport "Rio de Janeiro" at the southern Norwegian coast.
* 9: Denmark is captured by theGerman 170th Infantry Division andGerman 198th Infantry Division under command of General Kaupitsch. Landings in Norway begin. German heavy cruiser "Blücher" is sunk by shore batteries alongOslofjord , and troops land further south than intended. German air-landed soldiers land at and capture the airport at Oslo. Weather slows but does not prevent successful landings atKristiansand , while surprise paratrooper landings at Stavanger quickly secure the airfield there. Bergen andTrondheim are captured quickly. TheNarvik landing force evades British naval forces and defeats the Norwegian vessels in the fjord.
* 10: TheFirst Battle of Narvik occurs when a British force of five destroyers entersNarvik Fjord . The Germans have ten destroyers defending and both sides lose two ships, with the German force suffering greater damage beyond that to other vessels. At Bergen, the German cruiser "Königsberg " is sunk by air attack. In Oslo, the Norwegian government has left, andVidkun Quisling becomes the head of the new government.
* 12:Kongsberg falls to German forces.
* 13: TheSecond Battle of Narvik occurs when a British force of nine destroyers and the battleship HMS "Warspite" enterNarvik Fjord and destroy all eight defending German destroyers.
* 14: British forces land atNamsos andHarstad as Anglo-French forces prepare to launch operations against German forces at Trondheim and Narvik.
* 14: German Fallschirmjäger paratroopers make a combat jump at Dombås and block the rail and road network in southern Norway for five days before being forced into submission by theNorwegian Army on 19 April.
* 15: Vidkun Quisling resigns. His replacement isIngolf Christensen . The24th British Guards Brigade lands at Harstad.
* 16: TheBritish 146th Brigade lands at Namsos.
* 17: British forces land atÅndalsnes .
* 18: TheBritish 148th Brigade lands at Åndalsnes and theFrench 5th Alpine Chasseurs Demi-Brigade lands at Namsos.
* 19: The British 146th Brigade is forced to withdraw fromSteinkjer by German forces.
* 20: German air raids ruin Namsos harbor for landing purposes. German forces moving north from Oslo reachLillehammer and capture the town the next day.
* 22: German forces engage the British 148th Brigade north of Lillehammer.
* 23: TheBritish 15th Brigade lands at Åndalsnes and moves to relieve the 148th Brigade.
* 24: German forces are besieged at Narvik, with landings planned to facilitate the capitulation of the garrison.
* 25: German forces successfully continue to push back Allied forces in theGudbrandsdal north of Lillehammer. Norwegian forces conduct attacks on the Germans at Narvik.
* 27: Allied forces decide to withdraw from Namsos and Åndalsnes, abandoning the effort against German forces at Trondheim.
* 28: French mountain troops arrive at Harstad.
* 29: King Haakon and the Norwegian government evacuateMolde and travel toTromsø . German forces from the south link up with the Trondheim force.
* 30: Allied evacuations begin at Åndalsnes.May 1940
:1: Allied evacuations are completed at Åndalsnes after 4400 troops are evacuated.:2: German forces enter Åndalsnes. Allied evacuations take place at Namsos, evacuating 5400 troops. Anglo-French forces land at
Mosjøen to block German advances to Narvik.:5:French Foreign Legion and Polish forces land at Tromsø and Harstad.:10: Engagements take place at Mosjoen as British forces are sent south to reinforce the blockage.:13: Norwegian forces begin the advance on Narvik from Harstad led by gen.Carl Gustav Fleischer with the support of allied and French forces land atBjerkvik .:14: The 24th Guards Brigade loses significant equipment in transit to holding positions south of Narvik.:17: The British cruiser "HMS Effingham" is run aground and lost south of Narvik.:21: Allied forces advancing on Narvik gain important positions to the north.:26: The British destroyer "HMS Curlew" is sunk by air attack near Harstad.:27: The Norwegian and Allied assault on Narvik commences and the town is entered after a short fight.:27: German Luftwaffe destroysBodø , but only 2 British soldiers are killed.:31: The British force atBodø is evacuated.June 1940
:1: France and the United Kingdom inform Norway of their plans to evacuate the country.:4: Allied evacuations begin at Harstad.:7: The Norwegian government goes into exile aboard the British cruiser "
HMS Devonshire ".:9: Norwegian military forces are ordered to cease resistance and demobilise.:10: The surrender is complete and resistance is ended.See also
*
Norwegian Campaign - Main article
*Operation Weserübung - Main article on the German invasion of Norway
*Allied campaign in Norway - Main article on Allied operations in Norway
*Norwegian Campaign order of battle
*World War II
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