Benoît-Constant Coquelin

Coquelin l'ainé circa 1880.

Benoît-Constant Coquelin (23 January 1841 – 27 January 1909), known as Coquelin aîné, was a French actor, "one of the greatest theatrical figures of the age."^[1]

Biography

Coquelin was born in Boulogne-sur-Mer, Pas-de-Calais. He was originally intended to follow his father's trade of baker^[1] (he was once called "un boulanger manqué" by a hostile critic), but his love of acting led him to the Conservatoire, where he entered Régnier's class in 1859. He won the first prize for comedy within a year, and made his début on 7 December 1860 at the Comédie-Française as the comic valet, Gros-René, in Molière's Le Dépit amoureux, but his first great success was as Figaro in The Barber of Seville, in the following year. It was an honor for Coquelin to be a part of the Comédie-Française at such a young age. This company had already been in existence for around 150 years.

He was made sociétaire in 1864. There were twenty-one and three-fourth shares and they were divided among the lead actors, known as societaires. The societaires co-manage, choose plays, and share profits. When there was an opening caused by retirement, resignation, or death, it was filled by a member of the pensionnaires. And just four years after joining the Comédie-Française, Coquelin became one of the elite societaires. During the next twenty-two years he created at the Comédie Française the leading parts in forty-four new plays, including Theodore de Banville's Gringoire (1867), Paul Ferrier's Tabarin (1871), Émile Augier's Paul Forestier (1871), L'Étrangère (1876) by the younger Dumas, Charles Lomon's Jean Dacier (1877), Edward Pailleron's Le Monde où l'on s'ennuie (1881), Erckmann and Chatrian's Les Rantzau (1884).

As Cyrano 1898

In consequence of a dispute with the authorities over the question of his right to make provincial tours in France he resigned in 1886. Three years later, however, the breach was healed; and after a successful series of tours in Europe and the United States he rejoined the Comédie-Française as pensionnaire in 1890. During his time away from the Comédie he wrote his book Art and the Actor.

It was during this period that he took the part of Labussière, in the production of Victorien Sardou's Thermidor, which was interdicted by the government after three performances. In 1892 he broke definitely with the Comédie-Française, and toured for some time through the capitals of Europe with a company of his own; in New York, for instance, he performed at Abbey's Theatre in 1894, playing the lead in Tartuffe (his son Jean played Orgon) and Mascarille in Les Précieuses ridicules.^[2] In 1895 he joined the Renaissance theatre in Paris, and played there until he became director of the Théâtre de la Porte Saint-Martin n 1897. Here he won successes in Edmond Rostand's Cyrano de Bergerac (1897), which he repeated in the summer of 1898 at the Lyceum Theatre, London), Émile Bergerat's Plus que reine (1899),' Catulle Mendès's Scarron (1905), and Alfred Capus and Lucien Descaves' L'Attentat (1906).

Coquelin photographed by the American Napoleon Sarony c.1888.

Benoît-Constant Coquelin.

In 1900 Coquelin toured in America with Sarah Bernhardt, appeared on Broadway's Winter Garden Theatre in a production of Cyrano de Bergerac (Bernhardt played Roxane).^[3] He made his only film, the duel scene from Cyrano de Bergerac with sound recording on phonograph cylinder (see also Sound film/Early steps). The film is thought to be the first ever made with both color and sound. On their return to France he continued with his old colleague to appear in L'Aiglon, at the Théâtre Sarah Bernhardt. He was rehearsing for the creation of the leading part in Rostand's Chantecler, which he was to produce, when he died suddenly in Paris in 1909. The New York Times printed an obituary, in which it described many tributes to the dead actor, including a visit by the personal secretary of the President of the Republic, Armand Fallières.^[1]

Coquelin was an Officier de l'Instruction Publique and of the Legion of Honour. He published:

• L'Art et le comédien (1880)
• Molière et le misanthrope (1881)
• essay on Eugène Manuel (1881)
• essay on Sully-Prudhomme (1882)
• L'Arnolphe de Molière (1882)
• Les Comédiens (1882)
• L'Art de dire le monologue (with his brother, 1884)
• Tartuffe (1884)
• L'Art du comédien (1894)

His brother, Ernest, and his son, Jean, were also actors.

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} "Elder Coquelin Dies of Acute Embolism; Great French Actor Was Soon to Appear in Rostand's "Chanticler." His Noteworthy Career Won Renown in Moliere's Plays and as Cyrano de Bergerac -- Twice Toured America, Once with Sarah Bernhardt" (PDF). New York Times. 1909-01-28. http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9E03E7DC153EE733A2575BC2A9679C946897D6CF. Retrieved 2009-07-09. 
2. ^ "Mascarille and Tartuffe: Coquelin Makes Two Great Revelations of Dramatic Art" (PDF). New York Times. 1894-01-13. http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=1&res=9C05E6DC1F39E033A25750C1A9679C94659ED7CF. Retrieved 2009-07-09. 
3. ^ "Constant Coquelin as the Gascon: Bernhardt Acts Roxane in Rostand's Play for the First Time" (PDF). New York Times. 1900-12-11. http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9806E0DC1E3BEE33A25752C1A9649D946197D6CF. Retrieved 2009-07-09. 

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

External links

• Benoît-Constant Coquelin at the Internet Broadway Database
• Benoit Constant Coquelin at the Internet Movie Database

Persondata
Name	Coquelin, Benoit-Constant
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	1841-01-23
Place of birth
Date of death	1909-01-27
Place of death