- Munich School
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For the Greek art movement of the same name, see Greek academic art of the 19th century.
Wilhelm Leibl, In der Kuche II, 1898, oil on canvas, 84 x 64.5 cm., Cologne, Wallraf-Richartz Museum
Munich School is the name given to a group of painters who worked in Munich or were trained at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of Munich (German: Münchner Akademie der Bildenden Künste) in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The Munich school is characterized by a naturalistic style and dark chiaroscuro. Typical subjects are landscape, portraits, genre, still-life, and history painting.
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History and representative artists
Munich was an important center of painting and visual art in the period between 1850 and 1914. The mid-century movement away from the Romanticism and emphasis on fresco painting of the earlier Munich school was led by Karl von Piloty, who was a professor at the Munich Academy from 1856 and became its director in 1874.[1] Piloty's approach to history painting was influenced by the French academician Paul Delaroche, and by the painterly colorism of Rubens and the Venetians.[1] Besides Piloty, other influential teachers at the Academy were Wilhelm von Diez (1839–1907), Wilhelm von Kaulbach, and Arthur von Ramberg.[2]
Artists of the Munich School include Hans Makart, Gabriel Max, Victor Müller, Franz von Lenbach, Friedrich Kaulbach, Wilhelm Leibl, Wilhelm Trübner, Anton Braith, and the genre painters Franz Defregger, Eduard von Grützner, and Hermann von Kaulbach.
Beyond Bavaria
There were notable schools of Munich-trained painters active outside of Germany. Due to the historical affinity between Bavaria and Greece—Prince Otto I was from 1832 to 1862 the first King of Greece—many Greek artists were trained in Munich. The Munich School in Greek art is the most important artistic movement of Greek Art in the 19th century with strong influences from the Academy of Munich.[3] Among the leading artists of this school were Konstantinos Volanakis, Nikolaos Gyzis, Polychronis Lembesis, Nikolaos Vokos, Nikiphoros Lytras und Georgios Iakovidis.
Frank Duveneck and William Merritt Chase were the most prominent exemplars of the Munich School in American art.[4] Other American artists who studied in Munich include John Henry Twachtman and Walter Shirlaw.
Notes
References
- Brooklyn Museum, Triumph of Realism: an exhibition of European and American realist paintings,1850-1910. University of California, 1967.
- Greenville County Museum of Art, and Martha R. Severens. Greenville County Museum of Art: The Southern Collection. New York: Hudson Hills Press, in association with the Greenville County Museum of Art, 1995. ISBN 1555951023
- Norman, Geraldine, Nineteenth-Century Painters and Painting: A Dictionary. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978. ISBN 0520033280
External links
Categories:- German art movements
- American art movements
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