Garbh Eilean

Infobox Scottish island |


latitude=57.9
longitude=-6.36
GridReference=NG414983
celtic name=Garbh Eilean
norse name=
meaning of name=Rough Isle
area= 143 ha
area rank= 127
highest elevation=Mullach Buidhe 160 m
Population=0
population rank=
main settlement=
island group=Shiant Isles
local authority=Comhairle nan Eilean Siar
references= [2001 UK Census per List of islands of Scotland] Haswell-Smith, Hamish. (2004) The Scottish Islands. Edinburgh. Canongate.] [ [http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/ Ordnance Survey] ]

Garbh Eilean (Scottish Gaelic "Rough Isle") is one of the Shiant Isles at the south end of the Minch on the west coast of Scotland.

Geology

In geological terms, these islands essentially represent an extension of the Trotternish peninsula of Skye. The rocks are volcanic, and at 60Ma, very young by Hebridean standards. Dolerite columns on the north side of Garbh Eilean are over 100m tall and about 2m across. Similar to those at Staffa and the Giant's Causeway, they were formed by the slow cooling of volcanic rocks deep underground.cite web| url=http://www.innsegall.co.uk/guide/outliers/out_shiant.htm| title=Western Isles Guide Book: Shiant Islands| accessdate=2007-07-21] Intrusion sills show a progression in their chemical compositions, from olivine-rich rocks at the base to rocks with very little or no olivine at the top. The sills are thought to have formed by crystal settling. Recent study has suggested that at least one of the sills represents a multiple intrusion. [cite web| url=http://www.shiantisles.net/pdffiles/g01.pdf| title=Geological Conservation Review: Shiant Isles SSSI| author=Kathryn Goodenough| publisher=Scottish Natural Heritage| date=September 1999| accessdate=2007-07-21] In some places the basalt is overlain by Jurassic mudstone, which weathers to form much more fertile soil than elsewhere in the Western Isles.

Economy

The islands were inhabited until the late 18th century, when changes in land ownership and society made the old way of life no longer viable. The previously inhabited and cultivated areas of Airighean a’Baigh and Airighean na h-Annaid are unusually fertile land. Feannagan may still be made out in these areas.

Adam Nicolson, father of the present owner of the Shiants, has recently published a book about them under the title of "Sea Room" 'to tell the whole story'.cite web| url=http://www.shiantisles.net/index.html| title=Shiant Islands| accessdate=2007-07-21]

Archaeology

There are several possible chapel sites. The first may have been dedicated to St Columba and have been on the west side of Garbh Eilean, perhaps at Àirighean na h-Annaid - the name "Annaid" means Old Church. There is also evidence of a more recent church, dedicated to the Virgin, near the present cottage on Eilean an Taighe.

A gold torc was dredged up by some Scalpay scallop fishermen south-west of the islands. This beautiful object dates from perhaps 1200BC, and while similar such torcs have turned up elsewhere in UK, this is by far the furthest north. It is possible to speculate endlessly about the provenance of such a find, and whether it got there by shipwreck, or as a offering.

Wildlife

The Shiants are a major seabird breeding ground due to their location next to good feeding grounds and lack of predators, except for Black Rats. Huge numbers of puffins breed in burrows on the slopes of Garbh Eilean, as well as significant numbers of guillemots, razorbills, fulmars, kittiwakes, shags, gulls and great skuas. Although St Kilda has more puffins, the sheer density on the Shiants is greater. [cite web| url=http://www.shiantisles.net/nat_hist/nh02.htm| title=Birds of the Shiant Islands: 1970 & 1971 census| publisher=Shiant Islands| accessdate=2007-07-21] The island also has a population of black rats, which may originally have come ashore from a shipwreck. Analysis of their stomach contents has shown that the Shiant rats do eat seabirds, but it is impossible to tell if they prey on live birds or simply scavenge dead remains. [Paul Stapp (2002) Stable isotopes reveal evidence of predation by ship rats on seabirds on the Shiant Islands, Scotland Journal of Applied Ecology 39 (5), 831–840.] These rats are now rare in the UK but on the Shiants their numbers are still controlled in and around the house. Elsewhere on the islands they are unmolested. [A. Nicolson, personal comm.]

Footnotes