Maká language

Maká language
Maká
Maká
Pronunciation maˈka
Spoken in Paraguay
Region Presidente Hayes Department, Asunción
Native speakers 1500  (date missing)
Language family
Matacoan
  • Maká
Language codes
ISO 639-3 mca
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Maká is a Matacoan language spoken in Paraguay by the Maká people. Its 1500[1] speakers live primarily in Presidente Hayes Department near the Río Negro, as well as in and around Asunción.

Contents

Phonology

Consonant phonemes of Maká[2]
  Bilabial Dental Alveolar Palatal-Velar Uvular Glottal
Plosive p t k q ʔ
Ejective plosive pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ
Affricate ts
Ejective affricate tsʼ
Fricative f s x χ h
Lateral fricative ɬ
Nasal m n
Approximant w j
Lateral approximant l

Velar consonants alternate with palatal consonants before /e/ and sometimes before /a/. Examples include /keɬejkup/ ~ [ceɬejkup] "autumn" and /exeʔ/ ~ [eçeʔ] "stork". The palatal approximant /j/ alternates with the palatal fricative /ç/ before /i/, as in /inanjiʔ/ ~ [inançiʔ].

Vowel phonemes of Maká
  Front Central Back
Close i   u
Mid e   o
Open   a  

Syllables in Maká may be of types V, VC, CV, CCV, and CCVC. When a consonant cluster appears at the beginning of a syllable, the second consonant must be /x/, /h/, /w/, or /y/.

Grammar

Morphology

Maká has two cases: ergative and absolutive. Other relations are marked using a system of clitics and postpositions.

Syntax

The basic word order in Maká is subject–verb–object.

Works cited

  1. ^ "Maca". Ethnologue. SIL. 2005. http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=mca. 
  2. ^ Gerzenstein, Ana (1994) (in Spanish). Lengua Maká. Estudio descriptivo. Archivo de Lenguas Indoamericanas. Buenos Aires: Universidad de Buenos Aires. ISBN 9502901762. 

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