Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek

Infobox Former Country
native_name = "Bisdom Ösel-Wiek" (nds)
"Ecclesia Osiliensis" (la)
conventional_long_name = Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek
common_name = Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek|
continent = Europe | region = Baltic | country = Estonia
era = Middle Ages
status = Confederation | empire=Holy Roman Empire
status_text= Ecclesiastic state of the Holy Roman Empire
government_type = Principality|
year_start = 1228
year_end = 1560|
event_start =
date_start = October 1
event_end = Sold to Denmark
date_end = |
p1 =
image_p1 =
s1 = Danish Estonia
flag_s1 = Flag of Denmark.svg
s2 = Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)
image_s2 = |

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image_map_caption = The Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek, shown (red, upper left, across the Estonian mainland and the islands of Dagö (Hiiumaa) and Ösel (Saaremaa)) within the Livonian Confederation, 1260|
capital = Leal (Lihula)
Perona (Vana-Pärnu)
Hapsal (Haapsalu)
Arensburg (Kuressaare)|
common_languages = Low German, Estonian
religion = Roman Catholicism|
leader1 = Gottfried
year_leader1 = 1228–29
leader2 = Johannes V von Münchhausen
year_leader2 = 1542–60
title_leader = Prince-Bishop|
footnotes = The Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek ( _et. Saare-Lääne piiskopkond; _de. Bistum Ösel-Wiek; Low German: "Bisdom Ösel-Wiek"; contemporary _la. Ecclesia Osiliensis) was a semi-independent Roman Catholic prince-bishopric in what is now Saare and Lääne counties of Estonia.

The bishopric was created as a state of Holy Roman Empire on 1 October 1228, by Henry, King of the Romans. One of the five members of the Livonian Confederation, the seat of the bishop was successively Leal (Lihula), Perona (Vana-Pärnu), Hapsal (Haapsalu), and the castle of Arensburg (Kuressaare) on the island of Ösel (Saaremaa); the cathedral and chapter remained in Hapsal. Administratively the state was divided into two bailiwicks (advocaciae, Vogteien). The bishop was also the lord of the Teutonic Order over its fiefs on the bishopric's territory.

The principality ceased to exist in 1560 when its last prince-bishop, Johannes V von Münchhausen, sold it to Denmark. King Frederick II of Denmark's brother Magnus, Duke of Holstein, was elected bishop on 13 May 1560, despite being Lutheran. Denmark ceded Wiek (Lääne County) to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in exchange for parts of Ösel belonging to the Livonian Order. Later Ösel became a Danish possession.

Bishops and Prince-Bishops

* Gottfried, 1228–29, still living in 1257
* "Vacant"
* Heinrich I, 1234–60
* Hermann I de Becheshovede (Buxhoevden), 1262–85?
* Heinrich II, 1290–94
* "Vacant"
* Konrad I 1297?–1307?
* "Vacant"
* Hartung, 1310–21
* Jakob, 1322–37
* Hermann II Osenbrügge (de Osenbrygge), 1338–62
* Konrad II, 1363–74
* Heinrich III, 1374–81
* "Vacant"
* Winrich von Kniprode, 1385–1419
* Caspar Schuwenflug, 1420–23
* Christian Kuband, 1423–32
* Johannes I Schutte, 1432–38
* Johannes II Creul (Kreuwel), 1439 "de jure" –57 ("de facto" since 1449 in Wiek as "the younger Bishop") with
* Ludolf Grove, 1449–58 ("de facto" 1439, since 1449 in Saaremaa and Dagö as "the older Bishop")
* Jodokus Hoenstein, 1458–71
* Peter Wetberg, 1471–91
* Johannes III Orgas (Orgies), 1492–1515
* Johannes IV Kyvel (Kievel), 1515–27
* Georg von Tiesenhausen, 1528–30
* Reinhold Buxhoevden, 1532–41, died 1557
* Johannes V von Münchhausen, 1542–60
* Magnus of Livonia (also Prince of Denmark and Duke of Holstein), 1560–72 (Protestant bishop, died 1583)