Hypoptopomatinae

Hypoptopomatinae
Zebra Oto - Otocinclus cocama
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Siluriformes
Family:	Loricariidae
Subfamily:	Hypoptopomatinae Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890
Genera
Tribe Hypoptopomatini   Acestridium   Hypoptopoma   Nannoptopoma   Niobichthys   Otocinclus   Oxyropsis Tribe Otothyrini   Corumbataia   Epactionotus   Eurycheilichthys   Hisonotus   Microlepidogaster   Otothyris   Otothyropsis   Parotocinclus   Pseudotocinclus   Pseudotothyris   Schizolecis incertae sedis   Gymnotocinclus

Hypoptopomatinae is a subfamily of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Loricariidae.

Hypoptopomatinae is a monophyletic assemblage within the family Loricariidae.^[1] It is composed by 17 genera and approximately 80 species.^[2] This subfamily represents about one-tenth of all loricariid species.^[3]

It is divided into two tribes, Hypoptopomatini and Otothyrini.^[1] However, in a 2005 analysis, Otothyrini was found to not be monophyletic, with its representatives comprising a paraphyletic group in relation to the tribe Hypoptopomatini.^[4] The most recent hypoptopomatine genus, Gymnotocinclus, was not classified in either of the tribes.^[5]

In almost all species of hypoptopomatinae there is a diploid number of 2n = 54; this group is karyotypically very conserved.^[6]

Hypoptopomatinae is distributed throughout cis-Andean South America from Venezuela to Northern Argentina.^[2] Most of the hypoptopomatine species are usually found at or near the water surface, typically in close association with riverbank vegetation or some subsurface structure.^[7]

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Ribeiro, Alexandre C.; Carvalho, Murilo; Melo, Alex L. A. (2005). "Description and relationships of Otothyropsis marapoama, a new genus and species of Hypoptopomatine catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from rio Tietê basin, southeastern Brazil" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology 3 (4): 489–498. doi:10.1590/S1679-62252005000400006. http://www.ufrgs.br/ni/vol3num4/NI_v3n4p489-498lowr.pdf. 
2. ^ ^{a b} Ferreira, Katiane M.; Ribeiro, Alexandre C. (2007). "Corumbataia britskii (Siluriformes: Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae) a new species from the upper Rio Paraná basin, Mato Grosso do Sul, Central Brazil" (PDF). Zootaxa 1386: 59–68. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2007f/zt01386p068.pdf. 
3. ^ Reis, Roberto E.; Schaefer, Scott A. (December 21, 1998). "New Cascudinhos from Southern Brazil: Systematics, Endemism, and Relationships (Siluriformes, Loricariidae, Hypoptopomatinae)" (PDF). American Museum Novitates 3254: 1–25. http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/3154/1/N3254.pdf. 
4. ^ Gauger, Marco F. W.; Buckup, Paulo Andreas (2005). "Two new species of Hypoptopomatinae from the rio Paraíba do Sul basin, with comments on the monophyly of Parotocinclus and the Otothyrini (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology 3 (4): 509–518. doi:10.1590/S1679-62252005000400008. http://www.ufrgs.br/ni/vol3num4%5CNI_v3n4p509-518lowr.pdf. 
5. ^ Carvalho, Tiago Pinto; Lehmann A., Pablo; Reis, Roberto E. (2008). "Gymnotocinclus anosteos, a new uniquely-plated genus and species of loricariid catfish (Teleostei: Siluriformes) from the upper rio Tocantins basin, central Brazil". Neotropical Ichthyology 6 (3): 329–338. doi:10.1590/S1679-62252008000300006. 
6. ^ Andreata, Artur Antonio; Oliveira, Claudio; Foresti, Fausto (2006). "Karyological characterization of four Neotropical fish species of the genus Hisonotus (Teleostei, Loricariidae, Hypoptopomatinae) from distinct Brazilian river basins" (PDF). Genet. Mol. Biol. 29 (1): 62–66. doi:10.1590/S1415-47572006000100013. http://www.scielo.br/pdf/gmb/v29n1/28170.pdf. 
7. ^ de Brito, Marcelo F. G.; Caramaschi, Érica P.. "An albino armored catfish Schizolecis guntheri (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from an Atlantic Forest coastal basin" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology 3 (1): 2005. http://www.ufrgs.br/ni/vol3num1%5CBrito%20&%20Caramaschi.pdf.