Chrysophyllum

Chrysophyllum
Chrysophyllum oliviforme
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Ericales
Family:	Sapotaceae
Subfamily:	Chrysophylloideae
Genus:	Chrysophyllum[1]
Species
About 70-80 species, see text
Synonyms
Achrouteria Eyma Austrogambeya Aubrév. & Pellegr. Cainito Adans. Chloroluma Baill. Cornuella Pierre Cynodendron Baehni Dactimala Raf. Donella Pierre ex Baill. Fibocentrum Pierre ex Glaz., nom. inval. Gambeya Pierre Gambeyobotrys Aubrév. Guersentia Raf. Martiusella Pierre Nycterisition Ruiz & Pav. Nycteristion Ruiz & Pav. Prieurella Pierre Ragala Pierre Villocuspis (A.DC.) Aubrév. & Pellegr.[1]

Chrysophyllum is a genus of about 70-80 species of tropical trees, growing rapidly to 10–20 m or more in height. The genus is native to tropical regions throughout the world, with the greatest number of species in northern South America. One species, C. oliviforme, extends north to southern Florida.

The leaves are oval, 3–15 cm long, green above, densely golden pubescent below, from which the genus is named.^[2] The flowers are small (3–8 mm), purplish white and have a sweet fragrant smell; they are clustered several together, and are hermaphroditic (self fertile). The fruit is edible; round, usually purple skinned (sometimes greenish-white), often green around the calyx, with a star pattern in the pulp; the flattened seeds are light brown and hard. The fruit skin is chewy like gum, and contrary to some reports, is edible.

Selected species

Chrysophyllum acreanum Chrysophyllum africanum A.DC. Chrysophyllum albidum G.Don – White Star Apple[3] Chrysophyllum antilogum Chrysophyllum argenteum Jacq. – Bastard Redwood[3] Chrysophyllum balansae Chrysophyllum balata Chrysophyllum bangweolense Chrysophyllum beguei Chrysophyllum bicolor Poir. Chrysophyllum cainito L. – Star Apple[3] Chrysophyllum chartaceum Chrysophyllum claessensii Chrysophyllum cuneifolium Chrysophyllum eximium Ducke Chrysophyllum gonocarpum (Mart. & Eichler) Engl. Chrysophyllum gorungosanum Engl. Chrysophyllum guyanense Chrysophyllum imperiale (Linden ex Koch & Fintelm.) Benth. & Hook.f. Chrysophyllum klugii Chrysophyllum lacourtianum

Chrysophyllum lanceolatum Chrysophyllum laurentii Chrysophyllum longepedicellatum Chrysophyllum lungi Chrysophyllum marginatum Chrysophyllum mexicanum Brandegee ex Standl. Chrysophyllum oliviforme L. – Satinleaf[3] Chrysophyllum oppositum Chrysophyllum perpulchrum Chrysophyllum pomiferum (Eyma) T. D. Penn. Chrysophyllum prieurii A.DC. Chrysophyllum pruniferum Chrysophyllum pruniforme Pierre ex Engl. Chrysophyllum ramiflorum Chrysophyllum rwandense Chrysophyllum sanguinolentum (Pierre) Baehni Chrysophyllum sarlinii Chrysophyllum sericeum Chrysophyllum viridifolium J.M.Wood & Franks Chrysophyllum welwitschii [4]

Formerly placed here

• Englerophytum magalismontanum (Sond.) T.D.Penn. (as C. magalismontanum Sond.)
• Jacquinia arborea Vahl (as C. barbasco Loefl.)
• Micropholis rugosa (Sw.) Pierre (as C. rugosum Sw.)
• Palaquium philippense (Perr.) C.B.Rob. (as C. philippense Perr.)
• Pouteria alnifolia (Baker) Roberty (as C. alnifolium Baker)
• Pouteria gardneri (Mart. & Miq.) Baehni (as C. gardneri Mart. & Miq.)
• Pouteria macrophylla (Lam.) Eyma (as C. macrophyllum Lam.)
• Pouteria reticulata (Engl.) Eyma (as C. reticulatum Engl.)
• Pradosia brevipes (Pierre) T.D.Penn. (as C. soboliferum Rizzini)
• Pradosia lactescens (Vell.) Radlk. (as C. burahem Riedel)^[4]

References

1. ^ ^{a b} "Genus: Chrysophyllum L.". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2009-03-31. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?2576. Retrieved 2010-12-09. 
2. ^ The generic name is derived from the Greek words χρυσός (chrysos), meaning "gold," and φυλλον (phyllos), meaning "leaf." See Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names. I A-C. CRC Press. p. 534. ISBN 9780849326752. http://books.google.com/books?id=esMPU5DHEGgC&. 
3. ^ ^{a b c d} "Chrysophyllum". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=23810. Retrieved 2010-12-09. 
4. ^ ^{a b} "GRIN Species Records of Chrysophyllum". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2009-03-31. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?2576. Retrieved 2010-12-09.