Neonatal isoerythrolysis

Neonatal isoerythrolysis, also known as hemolytic icterus, is a disease found in kittens and foals. It occurs when the mother has antibodies against the blood type of the newborn. In cats, the antibodies are already present in the queen's blood before parturition. The blood group antigens are similar in structure to the antigen of a common bacteria in the gut of cats leading to antibody formation. In horses, these antibodies are formed when there is mixing of maternal and fetal blood, normally during parturition, leaving only subsequent foals at risk. The condition in horses is similar to hemolytic disease of the newborn in humans. In both cases, immunoglobulins are produced in the colostrum. During the first 24 hours of the neonate's life its gut absorbs all of the mother's antibodies that are passed in colostrum. Kittens and foals obtain the majority of their immune response from the colostrum. They are not born with a strong immune response. When they absorb the mother's antibodies against their blood type it causes lysis of the red blood cells leading to anemia. Symptoms include lethargy, pale mucus membranes, and blood in the urine. In the kitten this is referred to as fading kitten syndrome.

Animals suffering from this disease must be taken to a veterinarian immediately.

Blood typing can be performed before breeding and parturition to determine if this will be a problem.

See also

Blood type (non-human)

References

• http://www.vet.purdue.edu/horses/NI.htm
• http://www.exodusbreeders.com/generalfoal.html
• http://www.vet.uga.edu/vpp/clerk/Bouchelle/index.php

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