- Targum sheni
The Targum Sheni ("Second Targum") is an Aramaic translation ("
targum ") and elaboration of theBook of Esther , that embellishes the Biblical account with considerable newapocrypha l material, not on the face of it directly germane to theEsther story. Notable among these additions is an account of the visit of theQueen of Sheba to KingSolomon , which sees the King commanding a daunting army of animals, birds and demonic spirits as subjects; and the Queen demanding from him the answer to three riddles, before she will pay homage.Jacob Lassner, "Demonizing the Queen of Sheba: Boundaries of Gender and Culture in Postbiblical Judaism and Medieval Islam". University of Chicago Press, 1993, pp.14-17] The Jewish Encyclopedia characterises the story as a "genuine and exuberantmidrash ", i.e. a free elaboration, of a kind not unusual inRabbinic literature .There are a number of notable parallels between the Targum Sheni account and the
Qur'an ic account of Solomon and the Queen inSura 27 (and also some notable differences). Some scholars believe that the Qur'anic account islamicises pre-existing Jewish and folkloric traditions, perhaps including sixth century Christian input, which were closer to those presented in the Targum Sheni. [cf Lassner, p. 227 n.2 and pp. 132 et seq]Nineteenth Century scholars had earlier placed the composition anywhere from the fourth to the eleventh century CE.
References
*JewishEncyclopedia
ee also
The Encyclopedia Judaica has a long article about this midrash.
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