CIELUV color space

In colorimetry, the CIE 1976 ("L*", "u*", "v*") color space, also known as the CIELUV color space, is a color space adopted by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) in 1976, as a simple-to-compute transformation of the 1931 CIE XYZ color space, but which attempted perceptual uniformity. It is extensively used for applications such as computer graphics which deal with colored lights. Although additive mixtures of different colored lights will fall on a line in CIELUV's uniform chromaticity diagram (dubbed the "CIE 1976 UCS"), such additive mixtures will not, contrary to popular belief, fall along a line in the CIELUV color space unless the mixtures are constant in lightness.

Historical background

CIELUV is an Adams chromatic valence color space, and is an update of the CIE 1964 color space (CIEUVW). The differences include a slightly modified lightness scale, and a modified uniform chromaticity scale (in which one of the coordinates, v', is 1.5 times as large as "v", its 1960 predecessor. CIELUV and CIELAB were adopted simultaneously by the CIE when no clear consensus could be formed behind only one or the other of these two color spaces.

CIELUV uses Judd-type (translational) white point adaptation (in contrast with CIELAB, which uses a "wrong" von Kries transform). [cite journal|first=Deane B.|last=Judd|title=Hue saturation and lightness of surface colors with chromatic illumination|journal=JOSA|volume=30|issue=1|month=January|year=1940|pages=2–32| url=http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josa-30-1-2] This can produce useful results when working with a single illuminant, but can predict imaginary colors (i.e., outside the spectral locus) when attempting to use it as a chromatic adaptation transform.Mark D Fairchild, "Color Appearance Models." Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1998.] The translational adaptation transform used in CIELUV has also been shown to perform poorly in predicting corresponding colors.D. H. Alman, R. S. Berns, G. D. Snyder, and W. A. Larson, "Performance testing of color difference metrics using a color-tolerance dataset." "Color Research and Application," 21:174-188 (1989).]

XYZ → CIELUV, CIELUV → XYZ conversions

For typical images, u^* and v^* range ±100. By definition,

The forward transformation

CIELUV is based on CIEUVW and is another attempt to define an encoding with uniformity in the perceptibility of color differences. The non-linear relations for "L*", "u*", and "v*" are given below:cite book|title=Colorimetry: Understanding the CIE System|first=János|last=Schanda|publisher=Wiley Interscience|year=2007|isbn=978-0-470-04904-4|quote=As 24/116 is not a simple ratio, in some publications the 6/29 ratio is used, in others the approximate value of 0.008856 (used in earlier editions of CIE 15). Similarly some authors prefer to use instead of 841/108 the expression (1/3)*(29/6)² or the approximate value of 7.787, or instead of 16/116 the ratio 4/29.|pages=61–64]

:

The quantities $u\_n\text{'}$ and $v\_n\text{'}$ are the (u', v') chromaticity coordinates of a "specified white object,""Colorimetry," second edition: CIE publication 15.2. Vienna: Bureau Central CIE, 1986.] which may be termed the white point. In reflection mode, this is often (but not always) taken as the (u', v') of the perfect reflecting diffuser under that illuminant. (For example, for the 2° observer and standard illuminant C, $u\_n\text{'}\; =\; 0.2009$, $v\_n\text{'}\; =\; 0.4610$.) Equations for u' and v' are given below:

:

The reverse transformation

The transformation from (u',v') to (x,y) is:

:$x\; =\; 9u\text{'}\; /\; (\; 6u\text{'}\; -\; 16v\text{'}\; +\; 12\; ),$:$y\; =\; 4v\text{'}\; /\; (\; 6u\text{'}\; -\; 16v\text{'}\; +\; 12\; ),$

The transformation from CIELUV to XYZ is performed as follows:

:

CIE L*C*h

The cylindrical version of CIELUV is known as CIE LCH_uv, where C* is the chroma and h is the hue:

$C\_\{uv\}^*=sqrt\{(u^*)^2+(v^*)^2\}$

$h\_\{uv\}=\; an^\{-1\}frac\{v^*\}\{u^*\}$

Furthermore, the saturation correlate can be defined as:

$s\_\{uv\}=frac\{C^*\}\{L^*\}=13\; sqrt\{(u\text{'}-u\text{'}\_n)^2+(v\text{'}-v\text{'}\_n)^2\}$

Similar correlates of chroma and hue, but not saturation, exist for CIELAB.

Color and hue difference

The color difference can be calculated using the Euclidean distance of the $(L^*,u^*,v^*)$ co-ordinates.cite book|first=Charles|last=Poynton|title=Digital Video and HDTV| publisher=Morgan-Kaufmann|isbn=1-55860-792-7|year=2003|pages=226] It follows that a chromaticity distance of $sqrt\{(Delta\; u\text{'})^2\; +\; (Delta\; v\text{'})^2\}=13$ corresponds to the same $Delta\; E*\_\{uv\}$ as a lightness difference of $Delta\; L\; =\; 1$, in direct analogy to CIEUVW.

The Euclidean metric can also be used in CIELCH, with that component of $Delta\; E*\_\{uv\}$ attributable to difference in hue as:$Delta\; H^*=sqrt\{C^*\_1\; C^*\_2\}\; 2\; sin(Delta\; h/2)$, where $Delta\; h\; =\; h\_2\; -\; h\_1$.

References

External links

[http://www.efg2.com/Lab/Graphics/Colors/Chromaticity.htm Chromaticity diagrams, including the CIE 1931, CIE 1960, CIE 1976]