Hayashi limit

Hayashi limit is a constraint upon the maximum radius of a star for a given mass. When a star is fully within hydrostatic equilibrium—a condition where the inward force of gravity is matched by the outward pressure of the plasma—then the star can not exceed the radius defined by the Hayashi limit. This has important implications for the evolution of a star, both during the formulative contraction period and later when the star has consumed most of its hydrogen supply through nuclear fusion. [cite conference
author=Martin Schwarzschild
title =The Study of Stellar Structure
booktitle =Theoretical Principles in Astrophysics and Relativity
pages =1-14
publisher =University of Chicago Press
date =May 27-29, 1975
location =University of Chicago]

A Hertzsprung-Russell diagram displays a plot of a star's surface temperature against the luminosity. On this diagram, the Hayashi limit forms a nearly vertical line at about 3,500° K. Low temperature stars are always fully convective, and models of stellar structure for fully-convective stars do not provide a solution to the right of this line where a star is in equilibrium (with lower surface temperatures). Thus stars are constrained to remain to the left of this limit during all periods when they are in hydrostatic equilibrium, and the region to the right of the line forms a type of "forbidden zone". Note, however, that there are exceptions to the Hayashi limit. These include collapsing protostars, as well as stars with magnetic fields that interfere with the internal transport of energy through convection.cite web
last = Clowes
first = Chris
date = July 3, 2005
url = http://www.peripatus.gen.nz/Astronomy/HerRusDia.html
title = Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
publisher = Peripatus
accessdate = 2007-05-04]

Red giants are stars that have expanded their outer envelope in order to support the nuclear fusion of helium. This moves them up and to the right on the H-R diagram. However, they are constrained by the Hayashi limit not to expand beyond a certain radius. [cite journal
author=Hayashi, Chushiro; Hoshi, Reun
title=Outer Envelope of Giant Stars with Surface Convection Zone
journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
year=1961
volume=13
pages=442–449
url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1961PASJ...13..442H
accessdate=2007-05-03 ]

The Hayashi limit is named after Chushiro Hayashi, a
Japanese astrophysicist. [cite web
last =Tenn
first =Joe
date =June 8, 2004
url =http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/BruceMedalists/Hayashi/
title =Chushiro Hayashi
publisher =Sonoma State University
accessdate = 2007-05-03]

ee also

* Hayashi track
* Eddington limit

References