Los Angeles Police Department resources

Resources of the Los Angeles Police Department.

Police stations

The Department's deployment of officers has reflected the growth and changes of the City of Los Angeles since the late 1800s. The earliest police station (or "division" as the early ones were known - this term was originally meant to mean the Patrol Division but over time this term became comingled and substituted for what today we would refer to as the actual brick and mortar police building the divisions were housed within) was Central Division, located in what today would be known as downtown Los Angeles on the southeast corner of 1st and Hill Streets. This station opened in 1896 and as the Department's first dedicated police station (another had been located at 2nd/ Spring Streets, but was possibly a leased or rented storefront type of set-up). The Central Jail was located directly south of it. "Old Central" as it came to be known, housed not only Central Division but also many of the Department's headquarters units until its closure in about 1955 in favor of Parker Center. The following is a listing of other Los Angeles Police Stations through the years, along with their original division numbers:

*01 Central Police Station.
*02 Lincoln Heights Police Station. This station was closed by the 1940s and its number deactivated. The number was reactivated in 1966 for Rampart Police Station.
*03 University Police Station. Name changed to Southwest Police Station.
*04 Boyle Heights Police Station. Name changed to Hollenbeck Police Station.
*05 San Pedro Police Station. Combined in 1962 with Wilimington Substation and renamed Harbor Division.
*06 Hollywood Police Station.
*07 Wilshire Police Station.
*08 Sawtelle Police Station. Renamed West Los Angeles Police Station.
*09 Valley Police Station. Renamed Van Nuys Police Station.
*10 Wilmington Substation. This station was deactivated and its number later reassigned to West Valley Police Station.
*11 Eagle Rock Division. This station's name was changed when moved to Highland Park (approximately 1920's) and then again to today's Northeast Police Station.
*12 77th Street Police Station.
*13 Newton Street Police Station.
*14 Venice Police Station. Renamed Pacific Police Station.
*15 Georgia Street Police Station. This station was deactivated in the 1930s. Its number was later reassigned to North Hollywood Police Station.
*16 Foothill Police Station.
*17 Devonshire Police Station.
*18 Southeast Police Station.
*19 Mission Police Station.
*20 Olympic Police Station
*21 Topanga Police Station

The city's largest growth period was from approximately the late 1800s through the 1930s when the city grew at a geometric rate. Approximately 100 smaller portions were added to the original five square mile Pueblo. Of these, about 90 were formerly unincorporated county lands. The remaining ten portions had been their own incorporated cities. These included the cities of: Watts, Venice (originally Ocean Park), Hollywood, San Pedro, Wilmington, Barnes, Hyde Park, Eagle Rock, Sawtelle and Tujunga. Generally when the city consolidated another existing city, its police officers became LAPD officers with corresponding ranks and titles at the LAPD, per the city charter. LAPD would create a new Division, named after the city that had been consolidated and would continue using the prior city's police station, usually replacing these facilities with larger police stations within a few years.

Mobility

To patrol the 498 square miles of the city of Los Angeles, the police department utilizes a number of different types of vehicles:

edans

With few 9C1 Chevrolet Caprice vehicles remaining in the motor pool (as the final model year of the Chevrolet Caprice was 1996), the Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptor is the only sedan for patrol in the department fleet. Only the sedan is permitted to engage in a vehicle pursuit, pursuant to department policy. Like most police agencies throughout southern California, Los Angeles Police Department vehicles are ordered painted in black clearcoat with the roof, doors, and pillars painted white from the factory. The Department has used this black-and-white paint scheme since approximately 1940 with minimal modifications which has only added to the LAPD's legendary reputation and image. Options available from Ford ordered by the Department today include the handle-bar spotlamps, 16-inch heavy duty steel wheels with chrome center caps, and ballistic panels within the two front doors.

Installed equipment includes the lightbar, front-grill siren and control box from Federal Signal Corporation, the digital two-way radio by Motorola, a notebook PC to function as the Mobile data terminal, and a partition to separate the prisoner rear seating from the driver and front passenger seats. So-called "A-cars" and "X-cars" (eXtra patrol) also have mounted between the front seats in front of the partition a shotgun.

Most police vehicles bear at least two rear bumper stickers: one reading "There's NO Excuse - For Domestic Violence" and another for "DARE" Drug Abuse Resistance Education. On the rear side panel is a black and white sticker that reads "EMERGENCY DIAL 9-1-1 Fire Police Medical." The front doors bears the seal of the city of Los Angeles, the department slogan "to protect and to serve" as well as the citywide five-digit "shop number" and city department name (POLICE). The last three numbers of the shop number (used to identify all vehicles operated by the city) are reprinted on the roof to help air units visually identify cars. On the trunk is a number that identifies which division the unit belongs to (e.g. a 25 would be "South Traffic Division" or a 3 would be "Southwest Area").

These cars appeared on the NBC television drama Adam-12:

* 1967,1968 and 1969 Plymouth Belvedere
* 1971 Plymouth Satellite
* 1972 AMC Matador

Motorcycles

Kawasaki Police Motorcycles have represented the majority of the motorcycle vehicles in the motor pool with some Harley-Davidson motorcycles and increasingly, BMW motorcycles. Motorcycles are also painted black and white. These motorcycles carry a radio, code-3 equipment, a shotgun and documentation used by a police officer. During rain, motors are garaged, and traffic units patrol the city in sedans.

Air Support Division

The LAPD maintains the second largest non-military airforce in the world. It maintains 21 helicopters and 1 fixed wing aircraft [http://www.alea.org/public/airbeat/back_issues/jan_feb_2005/LAPD_Maintenance.htm] . The helicopters are painted silver and blue. The letters LAPD appear on the top side of the aircraft in blue, capital letters. Typical air units include 14 Eurocopter AS-350B2 AStars, 4 Bell 206B-IIIs and 1 Bell UH-1 (No longer in serivce, due to maintenance issues). The aircraft come with a wide variety of electronics and equipment that include a 30 million candlelight power "Nightsun" spotlight, optical FLIR cameras and electronically stabilized binoculars, a LoJack signal receiver, police radios in addition to the built-in aviation radios.

Two officers with at least three years of patrol car service fly in each air unit; they are armed and able to land and make arrests in areas not accessible by other means. They depart from the larger community police stations, such as West Valley division.

Air units are considered crucial to officer safety, providing valuable information with regards to barricaded suspects, suspects fleeing on foot or in a vehicle, violent incidents involving large numbers of individuals, and then some. Air units are almost automatically requested when initiating a traffic stop on a "code 37" vehicle, or suspect with known wants or warrants that are a felony in order to limit the potential for a vehicle pursuit.

Air units are do not fly during poor weather (particularly dense fog) due to aviation safety.

Bicycles

Occasionally, "cycle" units go on patrol (usually in large numbers), especially during special events to provide fast and easy access to police assistance. Bicycle units may go on patrols lasting between 10-25 miles during any given beat. Bicycle units train rigorously (mainly in the hills of Elysian Park near Academy Road and Dodgers Stadium). The bicycles used by the Los Angeles Police Department are manufactured by Giant.

Horses

Metro Division, known for its famous Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) unit, also has an Equestrian Unit that consists of approximately 35 police horses. Normally deployed during special events, specially trained officers also wear jeans as the pants to their uniform along with boots and a Stetson hat with the same Police shield as the one worn on the brim of the traditional police cap. Equestrian units normally appear in the city only during special occasions. Metro Division is also responsible for the K-9 units (also under Metro Division), making Metro Division responsible for not only police horses, but also for police dogs (which also wear ballistic vests) as well. Narcotics and Bomb K-9 units belong to different divisions.

Radio

Inspired by a contest in 1924, Police Chief R. Lee Heath ordered his staff to investigate the use of radio to "more quickly dispatch officers to where they are needed." It was not until Police Chief Roy E. Steckel, however, that the department would be assigned its first FCC license. On May 1, 1931, KGPL began broadcasting at 1712kHz, just above the commercial radio broadcasting frequencies. Later, this was changed to 1730kHz. Any citizen could monitor outgoing police radio traffic on their home sets. The system was "one way" until the mid-1930s when mobile transmitters were installed in patrol units.

Today, telephone calls into the department for police service are handled by the Communications Division. First, an Emergency Board Operator (EBO) answers calls placed to 9-1-1 (with a lower number of operators assigned to the non-emergency 1-877-ASK-LAPD number). A call for service results in an incident number, which resets to the number 1—citywide—at midnight each night. Upon receiving the incident, the Radio Telephone Operator (RTO) will go on the air to broadcast to the division (with the option to simulcast on bureau-wide or citywide frequencies). Today, RTOs provide the following information in what is known as a crime broadcast:

*to whom this message is intended (a particular unit, a certain division's units, or, "all units"),
*the type of crime that just occurred (usually by California penal code but sometimes an abbreviation, established by the Communications Division),
*how long ago the crime occurred,
*where,
*a quantity of suspects (if more than one),
*a description of the suspect(s), their clothing and/or other uniquely-identifiable attributes, if available, with what they might be armed.
*Additional details may include information about the "PR" (person reporting) or simply instructions to "monitor comments for further" (a direction to responding officers to read the about the incident on their in-car Mobile Data Terminals).
*The broadcast always concludes with a code (such as Code 3 or Code 2 for immediate response but without siren with red and blue lights), the incident number and the "RD" or reporting district (a numbered area within the division).

There may also be a request by the RTO for the responding unit handling to identify.

A fictitious example of a radio call might begin with tones (to alert patrol units that a broadcast will follow), "Any central unit, a 211 just occurred at 714 south Broadway Street at the Footlocker. Suspect was a male white, five-foot eleven, approximately 170 pounds; shaved head, brown eyes, goatee, white t-shirt, dark baggy pants. Weapon used was a revolver. Monitor comments for additional. Code 2. Incident number 555 in RD 193."

"Control" (the radio name for Communications division) as well as units in the area also use a wide variety of codes, common ones include:

* Code 1: answer your radio
* Code 2: respond immediately to location, no lights or siren, obey all traffic laws
* Code 3: respond immediately with lights and siren to location, exemption from traffic laws permitted with lights and siren
* Code 4: no further units need respond, return to patrol
** Code 4-Adam: no further units need respond, suspect not in custody, units en route to the scene position or patrol in strategic areas near the scene
* Code 5: Stakeout, marked police cars must avoid location
* Code 6: unit has arrived to location, officers investigating
** Code 6-Adam: unit has arrived, may need further assistance from nearby units
** Code 6-Charles: Dangerous suspect (usually felony want or warrant reported); one-officer units stand-by for assistance
* Code 7: meal break request, accompanied by location of unit (not granted when their bureau or the city goes on "tac" or tactical alert, which allows the department to draw any available unit from any division if necessary)
* Code 8: fire reported in area of high fire hazard or threat to firefighting personnel
* Code 8-Adam: units requested to scene of fire for traffic and crowd control
* Code 10: request to clear frequency for broadcast of want/warrant information
* Code 12: False Alarm
* Code 20: traffic collision or other unusual event causing public interest
* Code 30: Burglar Alarm (can be Code 30-Silent)
* Code 37: Vehicle is Reported Stolen (Code 6-Charles is given if vehicle license check produces dangerous suspect or felony want or warrant information)
* Code 100: units in position to intercept fleeing suspect
* Code Robert: Request for deployment of Urban Police Rifle (Code Robert-UPR) or shotgun slug ammunition (Code Robert-Slug) to location
* Code Tom: Request for deployment of taser to location

NOTE: A unit that responds "Code-3" must state their starting location (e.g. intersection or street address), after which the RTO broadcasts a "Code 3 notification", announcing the unit number is responding "Code-3" from that starting location to the location of the distress call.

Typical radio traffic (usually not simulcast citywide) includes the activity generated from traffic stops. A patrol unit may radio control that they are "code 6" on a traffic stop, to which control will give the "Roger" acknowledgement. Additional broadcasts will be requests for information on "cal IDs", or "CalOps" (the numbers that appear at the top of California Department of Motor Vehicle driver licenses) or on vehicle license plates. The result of which provides all of the expected details about the subject plus important details such as whether or not the licensee has any wants or warrants, FTAs (failure to appear in court) or FTPs (failure to pay a fine), etc. In the case of a vehicle, whether or not it is Code 37. Off the air and via MDT, officers can also see to whom the vehicle is registered.

In the event a "Code 6 Charles" is broadcast, the unit in question must verify their location, advise if they are "Code 4" and the nature of the "Code 4" (e.g. "Suspect in custody", "Common Name", "Information Only" or "Wrong suspect".)

A noticeable characteristic of police broadcasts is the expedited nature of crime broadcasts; due to the number of broadcasts that need to be made at any given moment of the day, each transmission is necessarily as brief as possible. As a standard of police professionalism, RTOs are trained to use a tone that is strictly business-like.

Digital frequencies

After the parade in Los Angeles celebrating the Los Angeles Lakers 2001 NBA championship title, the police department switched from analog frequencies to digital frequencies. This ended a long-lasting era of the public having easy listening access to police broadcasts that started when the department had initially set up agreements with a local, commercial AM radio station to interrupt regularly scheduled programming for a crime broadcast. Officers were tuned to a specific radio station. However, as the amount of broadcasting needed increased, the department established its first transmission tower in Elysian Park and eventually began broadcasting over dozens of frequencies in the 400mHz and 500mHz ("T-band") ranges. These digital transmissions can be monitored on a proper Uniden Bearcat or Radio Shack digital scanner.

Radio cars

From the perspective of control, each unit is represented by an LAPD-specific callsign. Typically, a callsign is made up of three elements: the division number, the unit type and the "beat" number. For example, division 1 is Central Division (or, now, "Central Area"), an "A" is patrol unit with two officers and their beat number can be a number like 12. Such a unit would identify themselves as 1-A-12 (or 1-Adam-12, using the LAPD phonetic alphabet). There are several patrol types:

* A: patrol unit
* X: extra patrol
* L: supervisor, single ("lone") officer car (normally an officer with the rank of Sergeant)
* M: motorcycle unit (MQ: motorcycle on special assignment, MQ: DUI enforcement)
* CL or "cycle": bicycle unit
* CP: Command Post
* FB: foot beat (foot patrol)
* T: traffic investigator
* TL: a traffic single officer car or field supervisor (a Sergeant in a Traffic Division)
* SLO: Senior Lead Officer
* G: Gang enforcement unit
* J: Juvenile Investigator
* W: Detective
* U: Report-taking Unit (nicknamed "U-boats," normally stationwagons when available to the motor pool)
* OP: Observation Post (normally, a small bus operating as a mobile command unit for major incidents)
* Q: Special detail (Not to be assigned radio calls. Works on a specific crime mission)
* Z: Special detail (Not to be assigned radio calls. Works on a specific crime mission)

The immediate supervisor of any patrol officer is called a Field Supervisor, which typically have beats that end in zero beginning from 2 through 7 (for example, 7-L-60 for a Wilshire Area supervisor). The Watch Commander is a Sergeant-2 at the police station for its geographic division. Their radio code always ends in L-10 (e.g., the watch commander at division 6 or Hollywood Area station is always 6-L-10). The Watch Commander is responsible for the geographic area (e.g. "Southwest Area") and reports to the Area station Captain.

Radio equipment

Officers out of their cars are able to communicate over the air using portable Motorola radios nicknamed ROVERs ("Remote Out of Vehicle Emergency Radios"). These hand-held radios are currently Motorola Astro digital SABER models. Originally, Motorola MX-series analog handheld units were used when the transition from VHF to UHF "T-band" dispatch/tactical frequencies was made in the early 1980s. Prior to that time, portable 2-way radios (known in LAPD jargon then as "CC units") were either VHF or UHF, mainly Motorola HT-200's and HT-220's, stocked in small quantities, and used mainly by specialized units such as Metropolitan division, SWAT (Special Weapons & Tactics), SIS (Special Investigations Section) and Narcotics divisions as stakeout tools. Another use was for footbeats "FB" units, mainly in Central division, in the late 1970s and early 1980s. ROVERs are normally utility belt-mounted. For convenience, smaller, corded, hand-held microphones can be plugged into these radios and then clipped to parts of the uniform shirt such as a front pocket or shoulder loop.

Ranks of the LAPD

The ranks of the LAPD are as follows: [http://www.uniforminsignia.net/index.php?p=show&id=65&sid=1754 LAPD Ranks]
*Police Officer I, II, & III;
**Police Officer I & II have no insignia of rank
**Police Officer III has two silver chevrons
**Police Officer IIIs, who are in advanced pay grades (including Police Office III+I/Senior Lead Officer) have two silver chevrons above a silver star.
*Police Detective I, II & III;
**Detective I has two silver chevrons above a silver lozenge; Detective II has three silver chevrons above a silver lozenge; Detective III has three silver chevrons above a silver arc, with a silver lozenge in between; the Detective III rank is equivalent to the rank of Sergeant and the next step is Lieutenant.
*Police Sergeant I & II;
**Sergeant I has three silver chevrons; Sergeant II has three silver chevrons above a silver arc.
*Police Lieutenant I & II;
**Lieutenant I & II both wear one silver bar.
*Police Captain I, II, & III;
**Captain I, II & III all wear two silver bars.
*Police Commander;
**Commander wears one silver star.
*Police Deputy Chief I (Deputy Chief);
**Deputy Chief wears two silver stars.
*Police Deputy Chief II (Assistant Chief);
**Assistant Chief wears three silver stars.
*Chief of Police
**Chief wears four silver stars.