protein
Name=translocator protein (18kDa)
caption=
width=
HGNCid=1158
Symbol=TSPO
AltSymbols=BZRP
EntrezGene=706
OMIM=109610
RefSeq=NM_007311
UniProt=P30536
PDB=
ECnumber=
Chromosome=22
Arm=q
Band=13.3
LocusSupplementaryData=
TSPO (Translocator Protein), also known as the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR), is a 18 kDa mitochondrial membrane protein.[cite journal |author=Papadopoulos V, Baraldi M, Guilarte TR, Knudsen TB, Lacapere JJ, Lindemann P, Norenberg MD, Nutt D, Weizman A, Zhang MR, Gavish M |title=Translocator protein (18kDa): new nomenclature for the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor based on its structure and molecular function|journal=Trends Pharmacol Sci |volume= 27 |issue= 8|pages=402–9 |year= 2006 |pmid = 16822554 |doi=10.1016/j.tips.2006.06.005] ]Functions
The TSPO has many proposed functions [cite journal |author=Casellas P, Galiegue S, Basile AS |title=Peripheral benzodiazepine receptors and mitochondrial function|journal=Neurochem Int |volume= 40 |issue= 6|pages=475–86 |year= 2002 | pmid = 11850104 |doi=10.1016/S0197-0186(01)00118-8] , the most studied of these are:]
* Cholesterol transport: The TSPO binds with high affinity to cholesterol and transports it across the mitochondrial membrane where it is used in steroid synthesis.
* Immunomodulation: The expression of TSPO has been linked to inflammatory responses that occur after ischemia-reperfusion injury, following brain injury, and in some neurodegenerative diseases.
* Apoptosis: Ligands of the TSPO have beens shown to induce apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cellsImaging
Ligands of the TSPO are very useful for imaging of inflammation, for example, the ligand [3H] -PK11195 has been used in receptor autoradiography to study neuroinflammation following brain injury.
References
External links
*
Yeliseev, A.A. and Kaplan, S. (1995) A sensory transducer homologous to the mammalian peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor regulates photosynthetic membrane complex formation in Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1. J. Biol. Chem., v. 270, p. 21167-21175
Yeliseev, A.A., Krueger, K.E., and Kaplan, S. (1997) Mammalian mitochondrial drug receptor functions as a bacterial "oxygen" sensor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, v. 94, p. 5101-5106.
Yeliseev, A. and Kaplan, S. (2000) TspO of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. A structural and functional model for the mammalian peripheral benzodiazepine receptor. J. Biol. Chem., v. 275, p. 5657-5674.
Yeliseev, A. and Kaplan, S. (1999) A novel mechanism for the regulation of photosynthesis geneexpression by the TspO outer membrane protein of Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1. J. Biol. Chem., v. 274, p. 21234-21243
