List of birds of Uruguay

This is a list of the bird species recorded in Uruguay. The avifauna of Uruguay includes a total of 477 species, of which 5 have been introduced by humans, and 46 are rare or accidental. 18 species are globally threatened.

This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families, and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of Clements's 5th edition. The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflects this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account. Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts for Uruguay.

The following tags have been used to highlight certain relevant categories. It must be noted that not all species fall into one of these categories. Those that do not are commonly occurring, native species.

* (A) Accidental A species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Uruguay.
* (I) Introduced A species introduced to Uruguay as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions.

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Rheas

Order: StruthioniformesFamily: Rheidae

The rheas are large flightless birds native to South America. Their feet have three toes rather than four which allows them to run faster. There are 2 species and 1 species which occurs in Uruguay.

*Greater Rhea "Rhea americana"

Tinamous

Order: TinamiformesFamily: Tinamidae

The tinamous are one of the most ancient groups of bird. Although they look similar to other ground-dwelling birds like quail and grouse, they have no close relatives and are classified as a single family Tinamidae within their own order, the Tinamiformes. They are distantly related to the ratites (order Struthioniformes), that includes the rheas, emu, and kiwi. There are 47 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Brown Tinamou "Crypturellus obsoletus"
*Red-winged Tinamou "Rhynchotus rufescens"
*Spotted Nothura "Nothura maculosa"

Penguins

Order: SphenisciformesFamily: Spheniscidae

The penguins are a group of aquatic, flightless birds living almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere. Most penguins feed on krill, fish, squid, and other forms of sealife caught while swimming underwater. There are 17 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Uruguay.

*King Penguin "Aptenodytes patagonicus" (A)
*Rockhopper Penguin "Eudyptes chrysocome"
*Magellanic Penguin "Spheniscus magellanicus"

Grebes

Order: PodicipediformesFamily: Podicipedidae

Grebes are small to medium-large sized freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes, and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land. There are 20 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Least Grebe "Tachybaptus dominicus"
*Pied-billed Grebe "Podilymbus podiceps"
*White-tufted Grebe "Rollandia rolland"
*Great Grebe "Podiceps major"

Albatrosses

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Diomedeidae

The albatrosses are among the largest of flying birds, and the great albatrosses from the genus Diomedea have the largest wingspans of any extant birds. There are 21 species worldwide and 6 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Wandering Albatross "Diomedea exulans"
*Royal Albatross "Diomedea epomophora"
*Gray-headed Albatross "Thalassarche chrysostoma" (A)
*Black-browed Albatross "Thalassarche melanophris"
*Yellow-nosed Albatross "Thalassarche chlororhynchos"
*Sooty Albatross "Phoebetria fusca" (A)

hearwaters and Petrels

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Procellariidae

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized 'true petrels', characterised by united nostrils with a medium septum, and a long outer functional primary. There are 75 species worldwide and 18 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Antarctic Giant Petrel "Macronectes giganteus"
*Hall's Giant Petrel "Macronectes halli"
*Southern Fulmar "Fulmarus glacialoides"
*Cape Petrel "Daption capense"
*White-headed Petrel "Pterodroma lessonii" (A)
*Atlantic Petrel "Pterodroma incerta" (A)
*Soft-plumaged Petrel "Pterodroma mollis" (A)
*Blue Petrel "Halobaena caerulea" (A)
*Antarctic Prion "Pachyptila desolata"
*Slender-billed Prion "Pachyptila belcheri"
*Gray Petrel "Procellaria cinerea"
*White-chinned Petrel "Procellaria aequinoctialis"
*Kerguelen Petrel "Aphrodroma brevirostris" (A)
*Cory's Shearwater "Calonectris diomedea"
*Greater Shearwater "Puffinus gravis"
*Sooty Shearwater "Puffinus griseus"
*Manx Shearwater "Puffinus puffinus"
*Little Shearwater "Puffinus assimilis"

torm-Petrels

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Hydrobatidae

The storm-petrels are relatives of the petrels, and are the smallest of sea-birds. They feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. There are 21 species worldwide and 5 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Wilson's Storm-Petrel "Oceanites oceanicus"
*White-faced Storm-Petrel "Pelagodroma marina"
*Black-bellied Storm-Petrel "Fregetta tropica"
*White-bellied Storm-Petrel "Fregetta grallaria" (A)
*Leach's Storm-Petrel "Oceanodroma leucorhoa" (A)

Diving petrels

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Pelecanoididae

The diving petrels are small auk-like birds found in the southern oceans. They feed on krill, copepods and small fish and squid. There are 4 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Uruguay.

*Common Diving-Petrel "Pelecanoides urinatrix"

Boobies and Gannets

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Sulidae

The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups comprise medium-to-large coastal sea-birds that plunge-dive for fish. There are 9 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Uruguay.

*Brown Booby "Sula leucogaster"

Cormorants

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Phalacrocoracidae

The Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium-to-large coastal, fish-eating sea-birds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black and white, and a few being colourful. There are 38 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Neotropic Cormorant "Phalacrocorax brasilianus"
*Rock Shag "Phalacrocorax magellanicus"
*Imperial Shag "Phalacrocorax atriceps"

Darters

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Anhingidae

Darters are frequently referred to as "snake-birds" because of their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged.The males have black and dark brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape and a larger bill than the female. The females have a much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The darters have completely webbed feet, and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving. There are 4 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Uruguay.

*Anhinga "Anhinga anhinga"

Frigatebirds

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Fregatidae

Frigatebirds are large sea-birds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black and white or completely black, with long wings and deeply-forked tails. The males have inflatable coloured throat pouches. They do not swim or walk, and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan to body weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week. There are 5 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Uruguay.

*Magnificent Frigatebird "Fregata magnificens"

Bitterns, Herons and Egrets

Order: CiconiiformesFamily: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large sized wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Unlike other long-necked birds suck as storks, ibises and spoonbills, members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted. There are 61 species worldwide and 11 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Whistling Heron "Syrigma sibilatrix"
*Cocoi Heron "Ardea cocoi"
*Great Egret "Ardea alba"
*Little Blue Heron "Egretta caerulea"
*Snowy Egret "Egretta thula"
*Cattle Egret "Bubulcus ibis"
*Striated Heron "Butorides striata"
*Black-crowned Night-Heron "Nycticorax nycticorax"
*Rufescent Tiger-Heron "Tigrisoma lineatum"
*Stripe-backed Bittern "Ixobrychus involucris"
*Pinnated Bittern "Botaurus pinnatus"

torks

Order: CiconiiformesFamily: Ciconiidae

Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute; bill-clattering is an important mode of stork communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory. There are 19 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Wood Stork "Mycteria americana"
*Maguari Stork "Ciconia maguari"
*Jabiru "Jabiru mycteria"

Ibises and Spoonbills

Order: CiconiiformesFamily: Threskiornithidae

The Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers. There are 36 species worldwide and 6 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Plumbeous Ibis "Theristicus caerulescens"
*Buff-necked Ibis "Theristicus caudatus"
*Bare-faced Ibis "Phimosus infuscatus"
*White-faced Ibis "Plegadis chihi"
*Puna Ibis "Plegadis ridgwayi"
*Roseate Spoonbill "Platalea ajaja"

Flamingos

Order: PhoenicopteriformesFamily: Phoenicopteridae

Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually 3 to 5 feet high, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. They are more numerous in the latter. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly-shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume, and are uniquely used upside-down. There are 6 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Uruguay.

*Chilean Flamingo "Phoenicopterus chilensis"

creamers

Order: AnseriformesFamily: Anhimidae

The screamers are a small family of birds related to the ducks. They are large, bulky birds, with a small downy head, long legs and large feet which are only partially webbed. They have large spurs on their wings which are used in fights over mates and territorial disputes. There are 3 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Uruguay.

*Southern Screamer "Chauna torquata"

Ducks, Geese and Swans

Order: AnseriformesFamily: Anatidae

The family Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These are birds that are modified for an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating. There are 131 species worldwide and 22 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Fulvous Whistling-Duck "Dendrocygna bicolor"
*White-faced Whistling-Duck "Dendrocygna viduata"
*Black-bellied Whistling-Duck "Dendrocygna autumnalis"
*Black-necked Swan "Cygnus melanocorypha"
*Coscoroba Swan "Coscoroba coscoroba"
*Upland Goose "Chloephaga picta"
*Muscovy Duck "Cairina moschata"
*Comb Duck "Sarkidiornis melanotos"
*Ringed Teal "Callonetta leucophrys"
*Brazilian Teal "Amazonetta brasiliensis"
*Chiloe Wigeon "Anas sibilatrix"
*Speckled Teal "Anas flavirostris"
*Yellow-billed Pintail "Anas georgica"
*White-cheeked Pintail "Anas bahamensis"
*Silver Teal "Anas versicolor"
*Blue-winged Teal "Anas discors"
*Cinnamon Teal "Anas cyanoptera"
*Red Shoveler "Anas platalea"
*Rosy-billed Pochard "Netta peposaca"
*Black-headed Duck "Heteronetta atricapilla"
*Masked Duck "Nomonyx dominica"
*Lake Duck "Oxyura vittata"

New World vultures

Order: FalconiformesFamily: Cathartidae

The New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but superficially resemble them because of convergent evolution. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers. However, unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by sight, New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they locate carrion. There are 7 species worldwide, all of which are found only in the Americas, and 4 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Black Vulture "Coragyps atratus"
*Turkey Vulture "Cathartes aura"
*Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture "Cathartes burrovianus"
*King Vulture "Sarcoramphus papa"

Osprey

Order: FalconiformesFamily: Pandionidae

The Pandionidae family contains only one species, the Osprey. The Osprey is a medium large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.

*Osprey "Pandion haliaetus"

Hawks, Kites and Eagles

Order: FalconiformesFamily: Accipitridae

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey and include hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight. There are 233 species worldwide and 19 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Swallow-tailed Kite "Elanoides forficatus"
*White-tailed Kite "Elanus leucurus"
*Snail Kite "Rostrhamus sociabilis"
*Long-winged Harrier "Circus buffoni"
*Cinereous Harrier "Circus cinereus"
*Rufous-thighed Hawk "Accipiter erythronemius"
*Bicolored Hawk "Accipiter bicolor"
*Crane Hawk "Geranospiza caerulescens"
*Mantled Hawk "Leucopternis polionotus"
*Great Black-Hawk "Buteogallus urubitinga"
*Savanna Hawk "Buteogallus meridionalis"
*Harris's Hawk "Parabuteo unicinctus"
*Black-collared Hawk "Busarellus nigricollis"
*Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle "Geranoaetus melanoleucus"
*Crowned Eagle "Harpyhaliaetus coronatus"
*Roadside Hawk "Buteo magnirostris"
*Swainson's Hawk "Buteo swainsoni"
*White-tailed Hawk "Buteo albicaudatus"
*Red-backed Hawk "Buteo polyosoma"

Caracaras and Falcons

Order: FalconiformesFamily: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their feet. There are 62 species worldwide and 7 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Southern Caracara "Caracara plancus"
*Yellow-headed Caracara "Milvago chimachima"
*Chimango Caracara "Milvago chimango"
*Spot-winged Falconet "Spiziapteryx circumcinctus" (A)
*American Kestrel "Falco sparverius"
*Aplomado Falcon "Falco femoralis"
*Peregrine Falcon "Falco peregrinus"

Guans, Chachalacas and allies

Order: GalliformesFamily: Cracidae

The Cracidae are large birds, similar in general appearance to turkeys. The guans and curassows live in trees, but the smaller chachalacas are found in more open scrubby habitats. They are generally dull-plumaged, but the curassows and some guans have colourful facial ornaments. There are 50 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Chaco Chachalaca "Ortalis canicollis"
*Dusky-legged Guan "Penelope obscura"
*Nocturnal Curassow "Nothocrax urumutum"

Limpkins

Order: GruiformesFamily: Aramidae

The Limpkin resembles a large rail. It has drab brown plumage and a greyer head and neck.

*Limpkin "Aramus guarauna"

Rails, Crakes, Gallinules, and Coots

Order: GruiformesFamily: Rallidae

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs, and have long toes which are well adapted to soft, uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and be weak fliers. There are 143 species worldwide and 15 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Speckled Rail "Coturnicops notatus"
*Rufous-sided Crake "Laterallus melanophaius"
*Red-and-white Crake "Laterallus leucopyrrhus"
*Gray-necked Wood-Rail "Aramides cajanea"
*Giant Wood-Rail "Aramides ypecaha"
*Dot-winged Crake "Porzana spiloptera"
*Yellow-breasted Crake "Porzana flaviventer" (A)
*Spotted Rail "Pardirallus maculatus"
*Plumbeous Rail "Pardirallus sanguinolentus"
*Purple Gallinule "Porphyrio martinica"
*Common Moorhen "Gallinula chloropus"
*Spot-flanked Gallinule "Gallinula melanops"
*White-winged Coot "Fulica leucoptera"
*Red-gartered Coot "Fulica armillata"
*Red-fronted Coot "Fulica rufifrons"

eriemas

Order: GruiformesFamily: Cariamidae

The seriemas are terrestrial birds which run rather than fly (though they are able to fly for short distances.) They have long legs, necks, and tails, but only short wings, reflecting their way of life. They are brownish birds with short bills and erectile crests, found on fairly dry open grasslands. There are 2 species and 1 species which occurs in Uruguay.

*Red-legged Seriema "Cariama cristata"

Jacanas

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Jacanidae

The jacanas are a group of tropical waders in the family Jacanidae. They are found worldwide in the Tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat. There 8 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Uruguay.

*Wattled Jacana "Jacana jacana"

Painted snipe

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Rostratulidae

Painted snipe are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but more brightly coloured. There are 2 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Uruguay.

*American Painted-snipe "Rostratula semicollaris"

Oystercatchers

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Haematopodidae

The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs. There are 11 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Blackish Oystercatcher "Haematopus ater"
*American Oystercatcher "Haematopus palliatus"

Avocets and Stilts

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Recurvirostridae

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and the stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills. There are 9 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Uruguay.

*White-backed Stilt "Himantopus melanurus"

Plovers and Lapwings

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water, although there are some exceptions. There are 66 species worldwide and 8 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Southern Lapwing "Vanellus chilensis"
*American Golden-Plover "Pluvialis dominica"
*Black-bellied Plover "Pluvialis squatarola"
*Semipalmated Plover "Charadrius semipalmatus"
*Collared Plover "Charadrius collaris"
*Two-banded Plover "Charadrius falklandicus"
*Rufous-chested Dotterel "Charadrius modestus"
*Tawny-throated Dotterel "Oreopholus ruficollis"

andpipers and allies

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Scolopacidae

The Scolopacidae are a large diverse family of small to medium sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enable different species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food. There are 89 species worldwide and 24 species which occur in Uruguay.

*South American Snipe "Gallinago paraguaiae"
*Giant Snipe "Gallinago undulata"
*Hudsonian Godwit "Limosa haemastica"
*Eskimo Curlew "Numenius borealis" (A)
*Whimbrel "Numenius phaeopus" (A)
*Upland Sandpiper "Bartramia longicauda"
*Greater Yellowlegs "Tringa melanoleuca"
*Lesser Yellowlegs "Tringa flavipes"
*Solitary Sandpiper "Tringa solitaria"
*Spotted Sandpiper "Actitis macularia"
*Willet "Catoptrophorus semipalmatus" (A)
*Ruddy Turnstone "Arenaria interpres"
*Red Knot "Calidris canutus"
*Sanderling "Calidris alba"
*Semipalmated Sandpiper "Calidris pusilla" (A)
*Least Sandpiper "Calidris minutilla" (A)
*White-rumped Sandpiper "Calidris fuscicollis"
*Baird's Sandpiper "Calidris bairdii"
*Pectoral Sandpiper "Calidris melanotos"
*Stilt Sandpiper "Calidris himantopus"
*Buff-breasted Sandpiper "Tryngites subruficollis"
*Ruff "Philomachus pugnax" (A)
*Wilson's Phalarope "Phalaropus tricolor"
*Red Phalarope "Phalaropus fulicarius"

eedsnipes

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Thinocoridae

The seedsnipes are a small family of birds that superficially resemble sparrows. They have short legs and long wings and are herbivorous waders. There are 4 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Uruguay.

*Least Seedsnipe "Thinocorus rumicivorus" (A)

heathbills

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Chionididae

The sheathbills are scavengers of the Antarctic regions. They have white plumage, and look plump and dove-like, but are believed to be similar to the ancestors of the modern gulls and terns. There are 2 species and 1 species which occurs in Uruguay.

*Snowy Sheathbill "Chionis alba"

kuas and Jaegers

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Stercorariidae

The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants. There are 7 species worldwide and 6 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Chilean Skua "Stercorarius chilensis"
*South Polar Skua "Stercorarius maccormicki"
*Brown Skua "Stercorarius antarctica" (A)
*Pomarine Jaeger "Stercorarius pomarinus"
*Parasitic Jaeger "Stercorarius parasiticus"
*Long-tailed Jaeger "Stercorarius longicaudus" (A)

Gulls

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Laridae

Laridae is a family of medium to large birds seabirds and includes gulls and kittiwakes. They are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. There are 55 species worldwide and 5 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Belcher's Gull "Larus belcheri"
*Olrog's Gull "Larus atlanticus"
*Kelp Gull "Larus dominicanus"
*Gray-headed Gull "Larus cirrocephalus"
*Brown-hooded Gull "Larus maculipennis"

Terns

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Sternidae

Terns are a group of generally general medium to large sea-birds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species now known to live in excess of 25 to 30 years. There are 44 species worldwide and 12 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Gull-billed Tern "Sterna nilotica"
*Sandwich Tern "Sterna sandvicensis"
*Royal Tern "Sterna maxima"
*South American Tern "Sterna hirundinacea"
*Common Tern "Sterna hirundo" (A)
*Arctic Tern "Sterna paradisaea"
*Antarctic Tern "Sterna vittata"
*Snowy-crowned Tern "Sterna trudeaui"
*Least Tern "Sterna antillarum" (A)
*Yellow-billed Tern "Sterna superciliaris"
*Black Tern "Chlidonias niger"
*Large-billed Tern "Phaetusa simplex"

kimmers

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Rynchopidae

Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish. There are 3 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Uruguay.

*Black Skimmer "Rynchops niger"

Pigeons and Doves

Order: ColumbiformesFamily: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere. There are 308 species worldwide and 9 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Rock Pigeon "Columba livia" (I)
*Picazuro Pigeon "Patagioenas picazuro"
*Spot-winged Pigeon "Patagioenas maculosa"
*Pale-vented Pigeon "Patagioenas cayennensis"
*Eared Dove "Zenaida auriculata"
*Ruddy Ground-Dove "Columbina talpacoti"
*Picui Ground-Dove "Columbina picui"
*White-tipped Dove "Leptotila verreauxi"
*Gray-fronted Dove "Leptotila rufaxilla"

Parrots, Macaws and allies

Order: PsittaciformesFamily: Psittacidae

Parrots are small to large birds with a characteristic curved beak shape. Their upper mandibles have slight mobility in the joint with the skull and the have a generally erect stance. All parrots are zygodactyl, having the four toes on each foot placed two at the front and two back. There are 335 species worldwide and 7 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Blue-crowned Parakeet "Aratinga acuticaudata"
*White-eyed Parakeet "Aratinga leucophthalmus"
*Nanday Parakeet "Nandayus nenday"
*Burrowing Parrot "Cyanoliseus patagonus"
*Maroon-bellied Parakeet "Pyrrhura frontalis"
*Monk Parakeet "Myiopsitta monachus"
*Red-spectacled Parrot "Amazona pretrei"

Cuckoos and Anis

Order: CuculiformesFamily: Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. Unlike the cuckoo species of the Old World, North American cuckoos are not brood parasites. There are 138 species worldwide and 8 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Ash-colored Cuckoo "Coccyzus cinereus"
*Yellow-billed Cuckoo "Coccyzus americanus"
*Dark-billed Cuckoo "Coccyzus melacoryphus"
*Squirrel Cuckoo "Piaya cayana"
*Greater Ani "Crotophaga major"
*Smooth-billed Ani "Crotophaga ani"
*Guira Cuckoo "Guira guira"
*Striped Cuckoo "Tapera naevia"

Barn owls

Order: StrigiformesFamily: Tytonidae

Barn owls are medium to large sized owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons. There are 16 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Uruguay.

*Barn Owl "Tyto alba"

Typical owls

Order: StrigiformesFamily: Strigidae

Typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk. There are 195 species worldwide and 9 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Tropical Screech-Owl "Megascops choliba"
*Variable Screech-Owl "Megascops atricapillus"
*Long-tufted Screech-Owl "Megascops sanctaecatarinae"
*Great Horned Owl "Bubo virginianus"
*Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl "Glaucidium brasilianum"
*Burrowing Owl "Athene cunicularia"
*Buff-fronted Owl "Aegolius harrisii"
*Striped Owl "Pseudoscops clamator"
*Short-eared Owl "Asio flammeus"

Potoos

Order: CaprimulgiformesFamily: Nyctibiidae

The potoos (sometimes called Poor-Me-Ones) are large near passerine birds related to the nightjars and frogmouths. They are nocturnal insectivores which lack the bristles around the mouth found in the true nightjars. There are 5 species, all of which are from the South American tropical region, and 1 species which occurs in Uruguay.

*Common Potoo "Nyctibius griseus"

Nightjars

Order: CaprimulgiformesFamily: Caprimulgidae

Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds with long wings, short legs and very short bills that usually nest on the ground. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves. There are 86 species worldwide and 7 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Common Nighthawk "Chordeiles minor"
*Nacunda Nighthawk "Podager nacunda"
*Pauraque "Nyctidromus albicollis"
*Band-winged Nightjar "Caprimulgus longirostris"
*Little Nightjar "Caprimulgus parvulus"
*Scissor-tailed Nightjar "Hydropsalis torquata"
*Sickle-winged Nightjar "Eleothreptus anomalus"

wifts

Order: ApodiformesFamily: Apodidae

Swifts are small aerial birds, spending the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings that resemble a crescent or a boomerang. There are 98 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Uruguay.

*White-collared Swift "Streptoprocne zonaris" (A)

Hummingbirds

Order: TrochiliformesFamily: Trochilidae

Hummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards. There are 337 species worldwide and 9 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Black Jacobin "Florisuga fuscus"
*Black-throated Mango "Anthracothorax nigricollis"
*Festive Coquette "Lophornis chalybeus"
*Glittering-bellied Emerald "Chlorostilbon aureoventris"
*Violet-capped Woodnymph "Thalurania glaucopis"
*Gilded Sapphire "Hylocharis chrysura"
*White-throated Hummingbird "Leucochloris albicollis"
*White-chested Emerald "Agyrtria brevirostris"
*Blue-tufted Starthroat "Heliomaster furcifer"

Trogons and Quetzals

Order: TrogoniformesFamily: Trogonidae

The family Trogonidae includes trogons and quetzals. Found in tropical woodlands worldwide, they feed on insects and fruit, and their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits. Although their flight is fast, they are reluctant to fly any distance. Trogons have soft, often colourful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage. There are 33 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Uruguay.

*Surucua Trogon "Trogon surrucura"

Kingfishers

Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails. There are 93 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Ringed Kingfisher "Ceryle torquatus"
*Amazon Kingfisher "Chloroceryle amazona"
*Green Kingfisher "Chloroceryle americana"

Woodpeckers and allies

Order: PiciformesFamily: Picidae

Woodpeckers are small to medium sized birds with chisel like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward, and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks. There are 218 species worldwide and 9 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Mottled Piculet "Picumnus nebulosus"
*White Woodpecker "Melanerpes candidus"
*White-fronted Woodpecker "Melanerpes cactorum"
*Checkered Woodpecker "Picoides mixtus"
*White-spotted Woodpecker "Veniliornis spilogaster"
*Green-barred Woodpecker "Colaptes melanochloros"
*Campo Flicker "Colaptes campestris"
*Crimson-crested Woodpecker "Campephilus melanoleucos"
*Cream-backed Woodpecker "Campephilus leucopogon"

Ovenbirds

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Furnariidae

Ovenbirds comprise a large family of small sub-oscine passerine bird species found in Central and South America. They are a diverse group of insectivores which gets its name from the elaborate "oven-like" clay nests built by some species, although others build stick nests or nest in tunnels or clefts in rock. There are 243 species worldwide and 30 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Common Miner "Geositta cunicularia"
*Scale-throated Earthcreeper "Upucerthia dumetaria" (A)
*Bar-winged Cinclodes "Cinclodes fuscus"
*Rufous Hornero "Furnarius rufus"
*Tufted Tit-Spinetail "Leptasthenura platensis"
*Wren-like Rushbird "Phleocryptes melanops"
*Curve-billed Reedhaunter "Limnornis curvirostris"
*Straight-billed Reedhaunter "Limnornis rectirostris"
*Bay-capped Wren-Spinetail "Spartonoica maluroides"
*Chotoy Spinetail "Schoeniophylax phryganophila"
*Sooty-fronted Spinetail "Synallaxis frontalis"
*Pale-breasted Spinetail "Synallaxis albescens"
*Chicli Spinetail "Synallaxis spixi"
*Rufous-capped Spinetail "Synallaxis ruficapilla"
*Gray-bellied Spinetail "Synallaxis cinerascens"
*Stripe-crowned Spinetail "Cranioleuca pyrrhophia"
*Sulphur-bearded Spinetail "Cranioleuca sulphurifera"
*Yellow-chinned Spinetail "Certhiaxis cinnamomea"
*Lesser Canastero "Asthenes pyrrholeuca"
*Short-billed Canastero "Asthenes baeri"
*Hudson's Canastero "Asthenes hudsoni"
*Little Thornbird "Phacellodomus sibilatrix"
*Greater Thornbird "Phacellodomus ruber"
*Freckle-breasted Thornbird "Phacellodomus striaticollis"
*Firewood-gatherer "Anumbius annumbi"
*Lark-like Brushrunner "Coryphistera alaudina"
*Brown Cacholote "Pseudoseisura lophotes"
*Streaked Xenops "Xenops rutilans"
*Buff-browed Foliage-gleaner "Syndactyla rufosuperciliata"
*Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper "Lochmias nematura"

Woodcreepers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Dendrocolaptidae

The Dendrocolaptidae are brownish birds and maintain an upright vertical posture, supported by their stiff tail vanes. They feed mainly on insects taken from tree trunks. There are 57 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Olivaceous Woodcreeper "Sittasomus griseicapillus"
*Scimitar-billed Woodcreeper "Drymornis bridgesii"
*Narrow-billed Woodcreeper "Lepidocolaptes angustirostris"
*Scaled Woodcreeper "Lepidocolaptes squamatus" (A)

Typical antbirds

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Thamnophilidae

The antbirds are a large family of small passerine birds of subtropical and tropical Central and South America. They are forest birds, and tend to feed on insects at or near the ground. A sizable minority of them specialize in following columns of army ants to eat the small invertebrates that leave hiding to flee the ants.Many species lack bright colour; brown, black and white being the dominant tones. There are about 212 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Great Antshrike "Taraba major"
*Variable Antshrike "Thamnophilus caerulescens"
*Rufous-capped Antshrike "Thamnophilus ruficapillus"

Gnateaters

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Conopophagidae

The gnateaters are round, short-tailed, and long-legged birds, which are closely related to the antbirds. There are 8 species worldwide, all found in South America, and 1 species which occurs in Uruguay.

*Rufous Gnateater "Conopophaga lineata"

Cotingas

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cotingidae

The cotingas are birds of forests or forest edges of tropical South America. Comparatively little is known about this diverse group, although all have broad bills with hooked tips, rounded wings, and strong legs. The males of many of the species are brightly coloured, or decorated with plumes or wattles. There are 71 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Uruguay

*White-tipped Plantcutter "Phytotoma rutila"

Tyrant flycatchers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Tyrannidae

Tyrant flycatchers are passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust with stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, have plain colouring. As the name implies, most are insectivorous. There are 429 species worldwide, all found only in the Americas and 59 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet "Camptostoma obsoletum"
*Large Elaenia "Elaenia spectabilis"
*White-crested Elaenia "Elaenia albiceps"
*Small-billed Elaenia "Elaenia parvirostris"
*Highland Elaenia "Elaenia obscura" (A)
*Sooty Tyrannulet "Serpophaga nigricans"
*White-crested Tyrannulet "Serpophaga subcristata"
*White-bellied Tyrannulet "Serpophaga munda"
*Mottle-cheeked Tyrannulet "Phylloscartes ventralis"
*Southern Scrub-Flycatcher "Sublegatus modestus"
*Suiriri Flycatcher "Suiriri suiriri"
*Yellow-billed Tit-Tyrant "Anairetes flavirostris"
*Many-colored Rush-Tyrant "Tachuris rubrigastra"
*Sharp-tailed Tyrant "Culicivora caudacuta"
*Bearded Tachuri "Polystictus pectoralis"
*Crested Doradito "Pseudocolopteryx sclateri"
*Warbling Doradito "Pseudocolopteryx flaviventris"
*Tawny-crowned Pygmy-Tyrant "Euscarthmus meloryphus"
*Ochre-faced Tody-Flycatcher "Poecilotriccus plumbeiceps"
*Pearly-vented Tody-Tyrant "Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer"
*Yellow-olive Flycatcher "Tolmomyias sulphurescens"
*Bran-colored Flycatcher "Myiophobus fasciatus"
*Cliff Flycatcher "Hirundinea ferruginea"
*Euler's Flycatcher "Lathrotriccus euleri"
*Vermilion Flycatcher "Pyrocephalus rubinus"
*Gray Monjita "Xolmis cinerea"
*Black-crowned Monjita "Xolmis coronata"
*White Monjita "Xolmis irupero"
*Rusty-backed Monjita "Xolmis rubetra" (A)
*Black-and-white Monjita "Xolmis dominicanus"
*Chocolate-vented Tyrant "Neoxolmis rufiventris"
*Gray-bellied Shrike-Tyrant "Agriornis microptera"
*Lesser Shrike-Tyrant "Agriornis murina"
*Little Ground-Tyrant "Muscisaxicola fluviatilis"
*Dark-faced Ground-Tyrant "Muscisaxicola maclovianus"
*Austral Negrito "Lessonia rufa"
*Blue-billed Black-Tyrant "Knipolegus cyanirostris"
*White-winged Black-Tyrant "Knipolegus aterrimus"
*Crested Black-Tyrant "Knipolegus lophotes"
*Spectacled Tyrant "Hymenops perspicillatus"
*Black-backed Water-Tyrant "Fluvicola albiventer"
*White-headed Marsh-Tyrant "Arundinicola leucocephala"
*Strange-tailed Tyrant "Alectrurus risora"
*Yellow-browed Tyrant "Satrapa icterophrys"
*Cattle Tyrant "Machetornis rixosus"
*Rufous Casiornis "Casiornis rufa"
*Swainson's Flycatcher "Myiarchus swainsoni"
*Short-crested Flycatcher "Myiarchus ferox"
*Brown-crested Flycatcher "Myiarchus tyrannulus"
*Great Kiskadee "Pitangus sulphuratus"
*Streaked Flycatcher "Myiodynastes maculatus"
*Variegated Flycatcher "Empidonomus varius"
*Crowned Slaty Flycatcher "Griseotyrannus aurantioatrocristatus"
*Tropical Kingbird "Tyrannus melancholicus"
*Eastern Kingbird "Tyrannus tyrannus" (A)
*Fork-tailed Flycatcher "Tyrannus savana"
*White-naped Xenopsaris "Xenopsaris albinucha"
*Green-backed Becard "Pachyramphus viridis"
*White-winged Becard "Pachyramphus polychopterus"

wallows and Martins

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Hirundinidae

The Hirundinidae family is a group of passerines characterized by their adaptation to aerial feeding. Their adaptations include a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and short bills with wide gape. The feet are designed for perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base. There are 75 species worldwide and 12 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Brown-chested Martin "Progne tapera"
*Purple Martin "Progne subis"
*Gray-breasted Martin "Progne chalybea"
*Southern Martin "Progne elegans"
*White-rumped Swallow "Tachycineta leucorrhoa"
*Chilean Swallow "Tachycineta meyeni"
*Blue-and-white Swallow "Notiochelidon cyanoleuca"
*Tawny-headed Swallow "Alopochelidon fucata"
*Southern Rough-winged Swallow "Stelgidopteryx ruficollis"
*Bank Swallow "Riparia riparia"
*Cliff Swallow "Petrochelidon pyrrhonota"
*Barn Swallow "Hirundo rustica"

Wagtails and Pipits

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Motacillidae

The Motacillidae are a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country. There are 54 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Correndera Pipit "Anthus correndera"
*Short-billed Pipit "Anthus furcatus"
*Hellmayr's Pipit "Anthus hellmayri"
*Yellowish Pipit "Anthus lutescens"

Wrens

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Troglodytidae

The wrens are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and a thin down-turned bill. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous. There are 80 species worldwide (of which all but one are New World species) and 2 species which occur in Uruguay.

*House Wren "Troglodytes aedon"
*Sedge Wren "Cistothorus platensis"

Mockingbirds and Thrashers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Mimidae

The mimids are a family of passerine birds that includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalizations, especially their ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. Their colouring tends towards dull greys and browns . There are 35 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Chalk-browed Mockingbird "Mimus saturninus"
*Patagonian Mockingbird "Mimus patagonicus" (A)
*White-banded Mockingbird "Mimus triurus"

Thrushes and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Turdidae

The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs. There are 335 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Yellow-legged Thrush "Platycichla flavipes" (A)
*Rufous-bellied Thrush "Turdus rufiventris"
*Creamy-bellied Thrush "Turdus amaurochalinus"
*White-necked Thrush "Turdus albicollis"

Gnatcatchers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Polioptilidae

These dainty birds resemble Old World warblers in their build and habits, moving restlessly through the foliage seeking insects. The gnatcatchers and gnatwrens are mainly soft bluish grey in colour, and have the typical insectivore's long sharp bill. They are birds of fairly open woodland or scrub, and nest in bushes or trees. There are 15 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Uruguay.

*Masked Gnatcatcher "Polioptila dumicola"

Crows, Jays, Ravens and Magpies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Corvidae

The Corvidae family includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers, and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size for the bird order Passeriformes. Some of the larger species show high levels of learning behavior. There are 120 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Purplish Jay "Cyanocorax cyanomelas"
*Azure Jay "Cyanocorax caeruleus" (A)
*Plush-crested Jay "Cyanocorax chrysops"

Waxbills and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Estrildidae

The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed-eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have a wide variation in plumage colours and pattern. There are 141 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Uruguay.

*Common Waxbill "Estrilda astrild" (I)

Vireos

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Vireonidae

The vireos are a group of small to medium sized passerine birds restricted to the New World. They are typically greenish in colour and resemble wood warblers apart from their heavier bills. There are 52 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Red-eyed Vireo "Vireo olivaceus"
*Rufous-browed Peppershrike "Cyclarhis gujanensis"

New World warblers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Parulidae

The New World warblers are a group of small, often colourful, passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores. There are 119 species worldwide and 5 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Tropical Parula "Parula pitiayumi"
*Blackpoll Warbler "Dendroica striata"
*Masked Yellowthroat "Geothlypis aequinoctialis"
*Golden-crowned Warbler "Basileuterus culicivorus"
*White-rimmed Warbler "Basileuterus leucoblepharus"

Bananaquit

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Coerebidae

The Bananaquit is a small passerine bird. It has a slender, curved bill, adapted to taking nectar from flowers and is the only member of the genus "Coereba" (Vieillot, 1809) and is normally placed within the family Coerebidae, although there is uncertainty whether that placement is correct.

*Bananaquit "Coereba flaveola"

Tanagers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Thraupidae

The tanagers are a large group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World, mainly in the tropics. Many species are brightly coloured. They are seed eaters, but their preference tends towards fruit and nectar. Most have short, rounded wings. There are 256 species worldwide and 12 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Ruby-crowned Tanager "Tachyphonus coronatus" (A)
*White-lined Tanager "Tachyphonus rufus"
*Black-goggled Tanager "Trichothraupis melanops" (A)
*Hepatic Tanager "Piranga flava"
*Sayaca Tanager "Thraupis sayaca"
*Blue-and-yellow Tanager "Thraupis bonariensis"
*Diademed Tanager "Stephanophorus diadematus"
*Fawn-breasted Tanager "Pipraeidea melanonota"
*Purple-throated Euphonia "Euphonia chlorotica"
*Violaceous Euphonia "Euphonia violacea" (A)
*Antillean Euphonia "Euphonia musica" (A)
*Chestnut-backed Tanager "Tangara preciosa"

Buntings, Sparrows, Seedeaters and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Emberizidae

The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with a distinctively shaped bill. In Europe, most species are named as buntings. In North America, most of the species in this family are known as Sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns. There are species 275 worldwide and 33 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Many-colored Chaco-Finch "Saltatricula multicolor"
*Red-crested Finch "Coryphospingus cucullatus"
*Gray-hooded Sierra-Finch "Phrygilus gayi" (A)
*Mourning Sierra-Finch "Phrygilus fruticeti" (A)
*Black-crested Finch "Lophospingus pusillus" (A)
*Long-tailed Reed-Finch "Donacospiza albifrons"
*Common Diuca-Finch "Diuca diuca"
*Cinnamon Warbling-Finch "Poospiza ornata" (A)
*Black-and-rufous Warbling-Finch "Poospiza nigrorufa"
*Red-rumped Warbling-Finch "Poospiza lateralis"
*Ringed Warbling-Finch "Poospiza torquata" (A)
*Black-capped Warbling-Finch "Poospiza melanoleuca"
*Blue-black Grassquit "Volatinia jacarina"
*Rusty-collared Seedeater "Sporophila collaris"
*Double-collared Seedeater "Sporophila caerulescens"
*Capped Seedeater "Sporophila bouvreuil" (A)
*Tawny-bellied Seedeater "Sporophila hypoxantha"
*Dark-throated Seedeater "Sporophila ruficollis"
*Marsh Seedeater "Sporophila palustris"
*Chestnut Seedeater "Sporophila cinnamomea"
*Narosky's Seedeater "Sporophila zelichi" (A)
*Band-tailed Seedeater "Catamenia analis" (A)
*Uniform Finch "Haplospiza unicolor" (A)
*Saffron Finch "Sicalis flaveola"
*Grassland Yellow-Finch "Sicalis luteola"
*Wedge-tailed Grass-Finch "Emberizoides herbicola"
*Great Pampa-Finch "Embernagra platensis"
*Yellow Cardinal "Gubernatrix cristata"
*Red-crested Cardinal "Paroaria coronata"
*Yellow-billed Cardinal "Paroaria capitata"
*Stripe-capped Sparrow "Aimophila strigiceps" (A)
*Grassland Sparrow "Ammodramus humeralis"
*Rufous-collared Sparrow "Zonotrichia capensis"

altators, Cardinals and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cardinalidae

The cardinals are a family of passerine birds that are robust, seed-eating birds, with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages. There are 43 species worldwide and 5 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Grayish Saltator "Saltator coerulescens"
*Green-winged Saltator "Saltator similis"
*Golden-billed Saltator "Saltator aurantiirostris"
*Ultramarine Grosbeak "Cyanocompsa brissonii"
*Glaucous-blue Grosbeak "Cyanoloxia glaucocaerulea"

Troupials and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Icteridae

The icterids are a group of small to medium, often colourful, passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles. Most species have black as the predominant plumage colour, often enlivened by yellow, orange or red. There are 98 species worldwide and 17 species which occur in Uruguay.

*Bobolink "Dolichonyx oryzivorus"
*Saffron-cowled Blackbird "Xanthopsar flavus"
*Yellow-winged Blackbird "Agelasticus thilius"
*Unicolored Blackbird "Agelasticus cyanopus"
*Chestnut-capped Blackbird "Chrysomus ruficapillus"
*White-browed Blackbird "Sturnella superciliaris"
*Pampas Meadowlark "Sturnella defilippii"
*Bay-winged Cowbird "Molothrus badius"
*Screaming Cowbird "Molothrus rufoaxillaris"
*Shiny Cowbird "Molothrus bonariensis"
*Epaulet Oriole "Icterus cayanensis"
*Golden-winged Cacique "Cacicus chrysopterus"
*Solitary Cacique "Cacicus solitarius"
*Yellow-rumped Marshbird "Pseudoleistes guirahuro"
*Brown-and-yellow Marshbird "Pseudoleistes virescens"
*Scarlet-headed Blackbird "Amblyramphus holosericeus"
*Chopi Blackbird "Gnorimopsar chopi"

iskins, Crossbills and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Fringillidae

Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have 12 tail feathers and 9 primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well. There are 137 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Uruguay.

*European Greenfinch "Carduelis chloris" (I)
*Hooded Siskin "Carduelis magellanica"
*European Goldfinch "Carduelis carduelis" (I)

parrows

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passeridae

Sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed-eaters, and they also consume small insects. There are 35 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Uruguay.

*House Sparrow "Passer domesticus" (I)

ee also

*List of birds
*Lists of birds by region

References

*cite web
last = Lepage
first = Denis
authorlink =
coauthors =
year =
url = http://www.bsc-eoc.org/avibase/avibase.jsp?region=uy&pg=checklist&list=clements
title = Checklist of birds of Uruguay
format =
work = Bird Checklists of the World
publisher = Avibase
accessdate = 26 April
accessyear = 2007
*cite book
title=Birds of the World: a Checklist
first= James F.
last = Clements
publisher = Cornell University Press
date = 2000
id = ISBN 0934797161
pages = 880