Figure skating lifts

Figure skating element
Element name:	Lift
Scoring abbreviation:	Li
Disciplines:	Pair skating Ice dancing

Pair skaters Maria Mukhortova and Maxim Trankov perform a hand-to-hand-lift

Figure skating lifts are a required element in pair skating and ice dancing. Pairs lifts differ from dance lifts most notably in that dancers are not allowed to lift their partners above their shoulders. Lifts are also executed by synchronized skating teams in the free program in competition, as part of a movements in isolation requirement.

Dance lifts

Federica Faiella & Massimo Scali perform a reverse lift.

Dance lifts are differentiated by the skating involved. There are seven kinds of lifts approved for ISU competitions.

Short lifts

These lifts may last up to six seconds in competition on the senior level.

• Stationary Lift - A lift performed "on the spot". The lifting partner does not move across the ice, but is allowed to rotate.

• Straight Line Lift - The lifting partner moves in a straight line across the ice. This lift may be performed on one foot or two.

• Curve Lift - The lifting partner moves along a curve across the ice. This lift may be performed on one foot or two.

• Rotational Lift - The lifting partner rotates in one direction while traveling across the ice.

Long lifts

These lifts may last up to ten seconds in competition on the senior level.

• Reverse Rotational Lift - The lifting partner rotates in one direction, then switches and rotates in the other direction, while traveling across the ice.

• Serpentine Lift - The lifting partner moves in a serpentine pattern across the ice.

• Combination Lift - A lift combining two of the four short lifts. Each part of the lift must be fully established.

Positions

Each position must be held for at least three seconds to count for levels. Each position is permitted only once a program.

For the lifting partner

• One foot
• Shoot the duck
• Spread eagle - inside edge
• Spread eagle - outside edge
• Spread eagle - straight line, for the Straight Line lift only
• Ina Bauer
• Crouching, with both knees bent, on both feet
• Crouching, with one knee bent and the other leg extended to the side
• Lunge, with the free leg in any position
• One hand lift.
• Rounding above the Shoulder

Only two of the above spread eagle positions may be used in a single program.

For the lifted partner

• Full split (180 degrees)
• Full Biellmann position with the leg held above the head.
• Full doughnut/ring with one or both legs held close to the head
• Upside down combined with difficult hold
• Vertical position with a cantilever
• A horizontal position with only one point of support
• Leaning forwards or backwards with the legs as the only points of support
• Full layback position with no support from the other partner above the thigh.
• Leaning out with the body and legs in a horizontal line with the shoulders and/or upper back as the points of support.

"Reverse" lifts

In ice dancing, the lifting partner is usually the man and the lifted partner is usually the woman. However, the rules allow for the woman to lift the man in competition. Notable couples who have performed "reverse" or "genderbending" lifts are Marina Anissina & Gwendal Peizerat, Federica Faiella & Massimo Scali and Sinead Kerr & John Kerr.

Extended lifts & program requirements

The International Skating Union sets down length requirements for lifts in programs and skaters are penalized if a lift goes on for too long.

For the 2006-2007 season, at the senior level, the original dance required two lifts not to be longer than six seconds each. For the free dance, four lifts were required and they were separated into short and long.

Photo gallery of dance lifts

Lifting partner in a one foot position

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  Straight line lift.
  Lifting: One foot.
  Lifted: Upside down.

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  Lifting: One foot.
  Lifted: horizontal line

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  Lifting: One foot
  Lifted: Upside down.

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  Lifting: One foot.
  Lifted: Full Biellmann position

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  Lifting: One foot.
  Lifted: Upside down.

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  Straight-line lift.
  Lifting: One foot.
  Lifted: Full layback position

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  Straight-line lift.
  Lifting: One foot.
  Lifted: Full split

Lifting partner in a crouching position

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  Curve lift.
  Lifting: Crouching, both knees bent.
  Lifted:

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  Straight line lift.
  Lifting: Crouching, both knees bent.
  Lifted: Upside down.

• 

  Curve lift.
  Lifting: Crouching
  Lifted: Leaning

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  Lifting: Crouching, both knees bent.
  Lifted: Upside down.

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  Lifting: Crouching, both knees
  Lifted: Full Biellmann position

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  Lifting: Crouching.
  Lifted: Leaning out

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  Lifting: Crouching
  Lifted: Upside down

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  Lifting: Crouching
  Lifted: Horizontal

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  Lifting: Crouching.
  Lifted: Horizontal position with only one point of support

• 

  Curve lift.
  Lifting: Crouching.
  Lifted: Full layback position

Lifting partner in a shoot the duck position

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  Straight line lift.
  Lifting: Shoot the duck.
  Lifted:

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  Curve lift.
  Lifting: Shoot the duck.
  Lifted: Full Biellmann position

Lifting partner in a one hand position

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  Rotational lift.
  Lifting: One hand. Lifted: Horizontal, one point of support

Lifting partner in an ina bauer position

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  Lifting: Ina bauer
  Lifted: Upside down with difficult hold.

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  Lifting: Ina bauer
  Lifted: Hand stand

Lifting partner in a lunge position

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  Straight-line lift.
  Lifting: Lunge
  Lifted: Upside down

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  Straight-line lift.
  Lifting: Lunge
  Lifted: Full Biellmann position

Lifting partner in a spread eagle position

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  Lifting: Spreadeage
  Lifted: Upside down

Pair lifts

Rena Inoue and John Baldwin, Jr perform a hand-to-hand lift.

One-hand exit from a lift by Tatiana Volosozhar and Stanislav Morozov

Vanessa James and Yannick Bonheur demonstrate a star position

Maria Mukhortova and Maxim Trankov perform a carry lift with the man in a spread eagle

Tong Jian and Pang Qing perform a twist lift

Unlike dance lifts, pair lifts are typically over the man's head. Most pair lifts are rotational, with the man turning on the ice before setting the lady down; a carry lift, by contrast, is a lift without rotation. A lift's score may be affected by

• Type of entry – May raise difficulty by entry in spread eagle, arabesque or other position.
• Type of lift – See below.
• Ice coverage – The distance across the ice traveled by the man as he carries his partner.
• Speed – Speed across the ice. Marks may be lower if man slows down significantly over the course of the lift.
• Quality of the lady's position – Posture, stretch, extension.
• Changes of position – May raise difficulty by changes of position during the lift or switching to one-hand hold
• Man's footwork – Clean turns and stability throughout the lift
• Dismount – Both partners on one foot as they exit the lift. May raise difficulty by one-hand dismount, a flip out, or other.
• Other features – e.g. rotating in one direction, stopping and reversing the rotation

Lifts are grouped by the holds involved. The ISU defines five different groups of pair lifts, with an ascending difficulty level, although levels 3 and 4 are the same level of difficulty.^[1] In ISU senior level competition, the man must rotate more than one times, but fewer than three a half. Lifts that go on longer may receive deductions. The group is determined by the hold held at the moment the woman passes the man's shoulder in the lift.^[2]

Lifts are named by either their takeoff and landing edges (in which case, they are named after the jump with the same sort of takeoff), the air position, or the method in which the lady is raised into the air.^[3]

Types of lifts

Group 1: Armpit hold lifts

• Lutz lift
• Flip lift
• Axel lift: The man and woman skate face to face, with the man going backwards. The lady lifts up from a forward outside edge (hence the axel name), and is set down again on the back outside edge.^[3]

Group 2: Waist hold lifts

• Waist loop lift
• Platter lift: The woman's position in the air is parallel to the ice so that she resembles a platter being held up. It is also sometimes known as a tabletop lift.^[4] Platter lifts are either forward or reverse. In reverse platter lifts, the woman is skating backwards. In forward, she is skating forwards.

Group 3: Hand to hip lifts

• Cartwheel lift
• Star lift: The skaters skate face to face. The man has one hand on his partner's hip and the other clasping her hand. He raises her until she is horizontal with her free hand on his shoulder. The air position for this lift is a leg variation with her legs spread in a scissor position as if they were the points on a star, where is where the lift gets its name.^[3] The lift can be made more difficult if she lets go of his shoulder, or if he lets go of her hand and she is supported only by her hip.^[3][4]
• Toe loop hip lift: The skaters skate backwards with him holding her by the hip. The woman picks her toe-pick as if doing a toe loop jump, hence the name. The skaters turn together in the air.^[1]
• Platter/swan/table top lift

Group 4: Hand to hand (press lift types)

• Press lift: The skaters skate facing each other, with the man skating backwards. They clasp hands and the man pushes forward and up, "pressing" her into the lift.^[3] The man and the woman face different directions in the air.
• Hand to hand loop lift: The skaters are facing in the same direction. The man raises the woman above his head and she remains facing the same direction in the air while in a sitting position with her hands behind her. The take off for this is the back outside edge,^[1] like the loop jump.^[4][5]
• Loop press/back press lift

Group 5: Hand to hand (lasso lift types)

• Step up lasso
• Toe lasso: The woman skates forward and the man skates backward. She is lifted into the air from a backward toe takeoff^[1], like a toe loop jump.
• Toe overhead lift: The woman is swung behind the man's head from one side of his body to the other, into a raised position. She is in a split position and they are facing the same direction.^[4][5] The toe-pick is used in her take off, hence the name.^[4]
• Step overhead lift: The same as the toe overhead lift, but the woman does not use a toe-assist in the take off.^[4]

In hand to hand lasso lifts, the lady's position changes in the air. The lift begins with the skaters skating facing each other, but at the top of the lift, they are facing the same direction. The term lasso comes from the way the woman's body swings around as she changes position.^[3] The woman takes off from a forward outside edge behind the man, and the take-off looks like an axel jump.^[4]

Lasso lifts are either forward or reverse. In reverse, the woman begins the lift skating backward. In forward, she is skating forward.^[3]

A notable lasso variation is the helicopter. In this variation, the skaters perform a forward lasso lift, but the woman changes position at the top of the lift, parallel to the ice, with her back arched and her legs spread in a V position, so that as the man turns, her legs look like the blades on a helicopter.^[3]

Positions

For the lifting partner

Unlike ice dancing, the lifting partner has only two possible positions.

• Rotating: Most lifts are performed with the man rotating across the ice.
• Carry: A carry lift is a lift in which the man does not rotate. He may skate on one foot, or perform crossovers or a spread eagle to earn a higher level of difficulty.

For the lifted partner

There are three basic air positions for the lifted partner.^[2]

• Upright: the lady's upper body vertical
• Star: the lady's position sideways with the upper body parallel to the ice.
• Platter: the lady's position flat, parallel to the ice, facing either up or down.

Illegal positions

Kyoko Ina and John Zimmerman perform a one-handed "detroiter"

A headbanger lift on the "down swing"

Any hold not listed above is not legal in ISU competition. However, there are many lifts which are common in show skating.

• The Detroiter is performed by the man lifting the lady over his head, holding her parallel to the ice while he is in a two-foot spin. The hold is the most dangerous part of the spin because the man is supporting the lady only by her legs. This move is also performed in more dramatic and dangerous fashion with a one-handed hold.

• A headbanger or bounce spin is performed by the man swinging the lady around with both of her feet off the ice, supported only by the man's grip on her ankle. The lady is elevated and lowered during the spin in a periodic fashion, sometimes with her head coming dangerously close to skimming the ice.

Twist lifts

Main article: Twist lifts

Extended lifts & program requirements

Lifts may not last longer than three and a half rotations by the lifting partner in ISU senior level competition. Lifts that last longer will be penalized.

Lifts without rotations are called carry lifts and are allowed once in the long program.

For the 2006-2007 season, senior level competition required a maximum of three lifts, with one from group 3 or 4, and one twist lift in the long program. The short program required a hand-to-hand lift take-off from group 4, and a twist lift.

2007-2008 competition at the senior level will require a lasso-lift take-off (Group five).

Photo gallery of pair lifts

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References

1. ^ ^{a b c d} ISU: Special Regulations & Technical Rules: Single & Pair Skating and Ice Dancing 2006PDF (1.03 MiB)
2. ^ ^{a b} International Skating Union Communication No. 1445PDF (164 KiB)
3. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h} Yamaguchi, Kristi; Christy Ness, Jody Meacham (1997). Figure Skating for Dummies. Hungry Minds. ISBN 0764550845. 
4. ^ ^{a b c d e f g} "Skate Canada: Skating for Life: Know Your Skating: Glossary". Skate Canada. http://www.skatecanada.ca/en/skate_for_life/know_your_skating/glossary/. Retrieved 2007-10-24. 
5. ^ ^{a b} "U.S. Figure Skating: Glossary of Terms". U.S. Figure Skating. http://www.usfigureskating.org/About.asp?id=60. Retrieved 2007-10-24. 

• ISU Communication No. 1319PDF
• ISU Communication No.1391PDF (631 KiB)
• International Skating Union Communication No. 1445PDF (164 KiB)
• ISU: Special Regulations & Technical Rules: Single & Pair Skating and Ice Dancing 2006PDF (1.03 MiB)
• U.S. Figure Skating - Glossary of Terms
• U.S. Figure Skating - Filling Out the Planned Element Sheets

External links

• Video demonstration of a press lift
• Video demonstration of a one-handed lasso lift