Adam Helmer

Adam F. Helmer (c.1754 – April 9, 1830) was revered as an American Revolutionary War hero among those of the Mohawk Valley and surrounding regions of New York State – their own Paul Revere. He was made nationally famous by Walter D. Edmonds' popular 1936 novel "Drums Along the Mohawk" with its depiction of "Adam Helmer's Run" of September 16, 1778 to warn the people of German Flatts of the approach of Joseph Brant and his company of Indians and Tories.

Background

Adam Helmer was born in German Flatts, New York. Adam's mother was Maria Barbara Kast, and is father was George Friederich Helmer, who was born on June 9, 1706 in Neustadt an der Weinstrasse a city in the Rhineland-Palatinate region in southwestern Germany but emigrated to America sometime before 1710 and eventually settled in one of the numerous Palatine farming communities on the south side of the Mohawk River in central New York.

As late as 1774, this Palatine district and others in the area widely supported British control, but with the death of the powerful loyalist Mohawk Valley landowner Sir William Johnson and news of the Declaration of Rights by the Continental Congress, anti-British sentiments began to surface and a Tryon County Committee of Safety was organized. This and the news of Continental Army resistance at the Battle of Lexington and Concord encouraged the remaining Johnson family and other loyalists to fortify their properties and to recruit Iroquois to side with the British. This in turn prompted the colonists in 1775 to organize a militia under the command of Colonel Nicholas Herkimer. Early the next year, Herkimer aided General Philip Schuyler who was sent by Congress to disarm the Loyalists. Many of the loyalists and sympathizing Iroquois lead by William Johnson's son Sir John Johnson escaped to Canada where they began to organize to take back their Mohawk Valley holdings.

During the summer of 1776 Colonel Herkimer allowed his regular militia to return to their farms, however about one out of every fifteen soldiers, including Lieutenant Adam Helmer, was assigned to ranger duty. Helmer was assigned as a scout in Captain John Breadbake's company.

The Battle of Oriskany

In the summer of 1777, Herkimer, by then a Brigadier General in the provincial militia, was warned by friendly Oneidas of the impending siege of Fort Stanwix (known to the Americans as Fort Schuyler) by British Lieutenant Colonel Barry St. Leger. General Herkimer ordered Tryon County militia to assemble at Fort Dayton to go to the aid of Colonel Peter Gansevoort at Fort Stanwix. Herkimer sent three scouts, Captain Hans Mark Demuth, Hans Yost Folts, and Lieutenant Adam Helmer to Fort Stanwix to relay the news to Colonel Gansevoort. Pressured by his men, General Herkimer reluctantly and prematurely set out to attack St. Leger’s army, but on August 6, while passing through a ravine, they were ambushed by British regulars, Tories, and Indians under the command of Joseph Brant and John Butler, thus starting what would become known as the Battle of Oriskany.

Helmer, the fittest of the three scouts, reached Fort Stanwix with the message ahead of the other two, having traversed swampy terrain and floated down river when a severe storm flooded his route. News of the Oriskany battle arrived shortly after Helmer’s did, and Ganesvoort ordered an attack on the British encampments. Some combination of the weather and Gansevoort’s attack contributed to the retreat of the British from the Oriskany battlefield back to their camps surrounding the fort. In any case the Herkimer’s troops were able to escape to await reinforcements. Herkimer himself was wounded in the fight, returned to his home and died soon after. Gansevoort refused to submit to the siege, and the British withdrew from the area with the news that Benedict Arnold had arrived at Fort Dayton with reinforcements.

The Run

In September of 1778, Lt. Helmer and eight scouts under his command were sent to the Unadilla River Valley to spy on Joseph Brant’s company of Indians and Tories who were encamped at Unadilla near the confluence of the Unadilla and Susquehanna Rivers. It was feared that Brant would send a raiding party north to the Mohawk Valley during the harvest season to forcefully obtain stores for the winter ahead. When Helmer’s scouts reached Edmeston Manor, the farm of Percifer Carr, just north of what is now South Edmeston, they were attacked by a large group of Brant’s men, apparently part of the feared raiding party on its way north. Several of the scouts were killed, but Helmer managed to escape.

Helmer took off running to the north-east, through the hills, toward Schuyler Lake and then north to Andrustown (near present-day Jordanville, New York) where he warned his sister’s family of the impending raid and obtained fresh footwear. He also warned settlers at Columbia and Petrie’s Corners, most of whom then fled to safety at Fort Dayton. When Helmer arrived at the fort, severely torn up from his run, he told Colonel Peter Bellinger, the commander of the fort, that he had counted at least 200 of the attackers en route to the valley. (see Attack on German Flatts (1778)). The straight-line distance from Carr’s farm to Fort Dayton is about thirty miles, and Helmer’s winding and hilly route was far from straight. It was said that Helmer then slept for 36 hours straight. During his sleep, on September 17, 1778, the farms of the area were destroyed by Brant’s raid. The total loss of property in the raid was reported as:
*63 houses,
*59 barns, full of grain,
*3 grist mills,
*235 horses,
*229 horned cattle,
*279 sheep, and
*93 oxen. But only two men were reported killed in the attack, one by refusing to leave his home when warned.

After the Raid

Three days later Helmer led another group of militia back to the Carr farm on the Unadilla, discovered the bodies of three of his scouts, and buried them at that site. The fate of the other five scouts is not known.

Helmer also served in the New York State Levies under Colonel Lewis DuBois.

Helmer married Anna Bellinger (1757–1841) and together they had ten children:
*Frederick in 1777,
*Margaret in 1778,
*Anna in 1781,
*Adam in 1783,
*Peter in 1786,
*Elizabeth in 1788,
*Catharine in 1790,
*David in 179?,
*Maria Barbara in 1795 and
*Eve in 1800.

He died in April 1830 in the town of Brutus in Cayuga County, New York

The Book and Movie

Adam Helmer was an important but highly a fictionalized character in Edmonds' novel. Although Helmer's military actions were generally portrayed with reasonable accuracy, including his famous run, great liberties seem to have been taken describing his person. The book pictures him as a large, somewhat uncivilized, unmarried man with long blonde hair, while historic descriptions show that he was a lean 150 lb (68 kg), married farmer, seeming to have more in common with the book's main character, Gil Martin.

The 1939 John Ford film adaptation of "Drums Along the Mohawk" took even more liberties, omitting Helmer's run (and much else from the book) and replacing it with a run by Gil to get reinforcements from the nearest fort.

External links

* [http://www.rootsweb.com/~nyherkim/regiments/helmer.html "Adam Helmer's Famous Run" by Mildred R. Staunton]
* [http://www.rootsweb.com/~nyherkim/regiments/adamhelmer.html "Adam Helmer's Incredible Run, A Story for Young Readers" by Dorothy Loyte Blackman]
* [http://www.nyhistory.net/~drums/helmer.htm "Adam Helmer, 1754-1830, Ranger, messenger" by Gregory F. Ketcham]
* [http://www.rootsweb.com/~nytryon/oriskany.html "Battles of the United States by Sea and Land" (Ch. 21) by Henry B. Dawson, 1858]
* [http://www.rootsweb.com/~nyherkim/history/herkhist69.html "The Gazetteer and Business Directory of Herkimer County, N.Y." 1869-70]

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