Manises

Manises
—  Municipality  —
Coat of arms
Manises Location in Spain
Coordinates: 39°29′0″N 0°27′0″W / 39.483333°N 0.45°W / 39.483333; -0.45Coordinates: 39°29′0″N 0°27′0″W / 39.483333°N 0.45°W / 39.483333; -0.45
Country	Spain
Autonomous community	Valencian Community
Province	Valencia
Comarca	Horta Oest
Judicial district	Cuart de Poblet
Government
- Alcalde	Enrique Ángel Crespo Calatrava (2007) (PP)
Area
- Total	19.60 km2 (7.6 sq mi)
Elevation	52 m (171 ft)
Population (2008)
- Total	30,478
- Density	1,555/km2 (4,027.4/sq mi)
Demonym	Manisero/a
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
- Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code	46940
Official language(s)	Valencian
Website	Official website

Hispano-Moresque ware dish from Manises, 1430-1450, Diameter: 14 in. (35.56 cm)

Manises is a municipality in the comarca of Horta Oest in the Valencian Community, Spain. Located in the province of Valencia, it had 30,508 inhabitants in 2009 (NSI)^[1] and is famous for its pottery and house in the municipality the Valencia Airport.^[2]

Physical Geography

The town is situated at the western end of the Huerta de Valencia, on the right bank of the river Turia.

Weather

The climate is typically Mediterranean but not very well defined features, we are less hot summers in the interior and a quite considerably colder winters than the coast, with night frost in the winter months. The average winter temperature drops to 4.7 degrees (although it can reach -5C° or -10C° in the coldest days) while the summer rises to 24.8 degrees (with peaks of 35C°).

History

Manises is a municipality in the Huerta de Valencia, extends at the right bank of the river Turia (the northern boundary of the term) and is uneven in the western sector for the first mountains that dominate the alluvial plain of Turia.

Agriculture is predominantly rainfed, carob trees, olive trees and small areas of vineyards and almond trees. The irrigation uses water from the river turia through the ditch of Manises.

The main economic activity is industry, focusing on ceramics; in the Middle Ages and Renaissance Manises was the most important centre of production for Hispano-Moresque ware, which was exported all over Europe. The industry had a strong comeback in the second half of the nineteenth century. In 1917 was founded the School of Ceramics, which included the study of this activity in its various forms: artistic ceramics, porcelain and tiles. Predominates small business.

Industrial activity behave to a sharp increase in population, which tripled in the nineteenth century and has been multiplied by 6 in the twentieth. Today the population is around 26000 inhabitants.

The city is located to the right of Turia, at the eastern end of the term, on a small hill in front of Paterna, across the River. It stretches from west to east along the river, and the last extension joined Cuart of Poblet. The industrial sectors are concentrated in the east and north of town near the railway station of Valencia to Liria. The parish church (St. John the Baptist) was built between 1734 and 1751, the high altar had belonged to the convent of mercy in Valencia. Old islamic farmstead was donated in 1238 by James I to Artal de Luna, and in 1307 was sold to Pere Boïl and became the center of the barony of Manises. Was rather mixed of Christians and Moors between 1602 and 1609 in a promotion than 150 Christian homes and 50 Moors.

In 1924 he received the title of city. In addition to various findings from the Roman era, within municipality there is an aqueduct built at that time named Of The Arches. At the western end of the municipality, on the banks of the Turia, are a Water Treatment Station of Valencia. The municipality also includes the hamlets of the Dam and the Cave and the district of San Francisco.

Manises Airport, serving the city of Valencia, is located west of the conurbation, within a municipality of Manises, about 8 km from downtown. Share the business with the facilities of the military air base of Manises, now dismantled. It has all the modern airport facilities and a radar located in Pine Forest near the Albufera of Valencia. Currently equipped with the latest developments in their host plants passenger and goods movement.

Although probably Manises was inhabited from the earliest times, all we know is that the Romans built a major work to bring water to Valencia. Then came the Arabs, which are the creators of the city and those from the traditions. The 500-year deals this time around, were enough for Manises, the city center, its municipality, agriculture, and ceramic industry had a very important level, as for James I granted it as a prize to one of his best men, Don Artal de Luna, one of the "Rich-homs of nature" who accompanied him.

It is this donation recorded in the Book of the cast, the first officially known quotation from Manises: "Artallus de Luna. Alquerian de Paterna et de Manizaes, VII idus Julil" (July 7, 1237).

In the early 16th century Manises tiles had much commercial success, especially the heraldic type. In the seventeenth century all Valencian tile had a significant rise.

The beginning of the 20th century brings a new style, modernism, which contributed to the ceramic the consideration of ornamental element the first order. Until then the tile was used for flooring or base, now used in embellishing facades with its rich polychrome. This battle won by the ceramics, continues to this day, and use both industrial and artistic has a highly developed.

Finally, we should highlight two fundamental facts in the revival of our ceramics, first creation in 1914 of the School of Ceramics of Manises, founded by Vicente Vilar David (Industrial Engineering by School of Barcelona, Lt. Mayor Primo de Rivera), and second inauguration in 1969 of the Municipal Museum of Ceramics, renovated and enlarged in 1989, through which manifest the past and present of the industry and art maniser.

Demography

It has a population of 30,508 inhabitants in 2009. 6.21% of its inhabitants was, according to the same census, foreign nationals in 2007.

Subdivisions

Neighborhood

• El Carmen
• Socusa
• Obradors
• San Jerónimo (Slum shared with the neighboring municipality of Cuart de Poblet.)
• Saint Felix
• Alameda Park
• San Francisco

Farmhouses and hamlets

• La Presa
• La Cova

Housing developments

• La Presa
• Els Pous
• Montemayor
• La Mallà. It is located 2 km west of Manises, direction Ribarroja of Turia.

Economy

The ceramics of Manises

We have to devote a special chapter to the maniser ceramic. In the early fourteenth century, James I reign, the lordship of Manises was acquired by Boil family, that introduced in his new possession reflexes pottery imported from the Andalusian Muslims, especially in Malaga.

Maniser ceramics of golden and blue reflexes prevailed throughout Europe until the late sixteenth century, being known in many parts with the names of "work of Valencia" or "Mallorca", by the origin of the seafarers who traded with it.

After meet the needs of the Aragonese crown, pottery was exported to France, Italy, and especially to Naples, where Alfonso the Magnanimous wanted to create a brilliant and luxurious court. As a major consumer of Paterna and Manises pottery, make Naples a sharp center of influence for the other Italian courts. Calixtus III and Alexander VI continually requested to Valencia pieces and tiles to the halls of the Vatican. The export was also extended to Sicily, Venice, Turkey and Cyprus, and even to Flanders and the Baltic countries. The palaces of all the courts of Europe were enriched with maniser ceramics. Many painters it reproduced in his paintings and can be seen in the work of Humberto and John Van Eyck and in the central panel of triptych by Hugo Van der Goes which is preserved in the Uffizi Museum in Florence. In this city there are some Chirlandajo fresh in that appears the Moorish-Valencian faience.

Dish with a Bird, 1430–1450, Manises, Spain. Ceramic, Tin-glazed earthenware (maiolica).

Trade in ceramics led to exporting companies, the first Italian, Cypriots and Turkish , then Catalan and Majorcan, carrying tiles and various items carefully packed in large vats or cossis coated of string and straw. From Valencia Grao ships out continuously with this burden and was paid a tax by the output of these products.

Transportation

From Valencia, you will reach this town by road through the A-3 and V-11. By public transport is also accessible through the lines 3 (Rafelbuñol - Airport) and 5 (Maritime Sawmill - Airport / Torrente Avenue) of Valencia subway and bus line 150 Manises / Airport.

Equity

• Parish Church. It is dedicated to Saint John the Baptist. The present church was begun in 1734, was opened in 1751. The old church was abandoned for worship and began to be demolished in 1817. Was respected only the chapel of the Virgin of the Rosary. It is neoclassical, with traces of the Baroque. The floor is a Latin cross, with a single nave, with a large Byzantine-style dome over the transept and luster coated on the outside. The altarpiece is from 1951, baroque style.

• Municipal Museum of Ceramics. Opened in 1969, with Mayor Don Francisco Gimeno Adrian, and installed in the house bequeathed to the City by the family Casanova Dalfó-Sanchis Cause. Are exhibited sets of tiles of the XV and XVIII, golden reflexes, tile panels, popular ceramics and a living room-kitchen of typical Valencian style, imitation of the eighteenth century, in addition to the collection of works awarded in the Ceramics National Competition, Ceramics International Biennale today, where you can appreciate works of art, making pottery an art in constant evolution.

• Aqueduct The Arcs.

• Vernis Mill or Faitanar Roll Mill.

• House of Culture. Former Carmelite convent.

• City Hall building.

• Site of ancient majolica factory Francisco Valldecabres.

• Moorish ruins of the old cemetery.

• The old ceramics factory building The Art.

• The Small Square.

• Old Ceramics School Old Building of Manises.

• Markets of The Pines and the Filters.

• Park and Exhibition Hall of The Filters.

• Shopping and ceramics sales streets: Ribarroja and Blasco Ibáñez.

• Golf course.

• Valencia International Airport.

New buildings

• Manises Hospital. The public hospital in Manises became operational on May 1, 2009 and has a total of 220 single rooms and 10 operating rooms. Serves a population of about 150,000 people in three different districts belonging to populations of Manises, Buñol, Alborache, Macastre, Yátova, Cheste, Chiva, Cuart of Poblet, Godelleta, Turis, Loriguilla, Ribarroja and Aldaya. Has been built and is managed jointly by Sanitas and the Generalitat Valenciana.

• Bridge over the River Turia from Manises to Paterna. Modern building, connecting the towns of Manises and Paterna, opened in April 2009.

References

1. ^ INE - List of population units
2. ^ (in spanish) Gran Enciclopedia temática de La Comunidad Valenciana. Editorial Prensa Valenciana. 2009. 

See also

• Valencia Airport