Uppland Runic Inscription 53

Runefacts|name=Uppland Runic Inscription 53
rundataid=U 53
country=Sweden
region=Stockholm
city=Gamla Stan
produced=unknown
artist=unknown
text_native=Old Norse:Thorsteinn ok Freygunnr thau ... stein eptir ..., son sinn.
text_english=Thorsteinn and Freygunnr, they ... stone in memory of ... their son.
picture=|

Uppland Runic Inscription 53 is a runestone built into a wall in the intersection between the thoroughfares Prästgatan and Kåkbrinken in Gamla stan, the old town in central Stockholm, Sweden.

The stone first appears in historical records in the 17th century when Johannes Bureus (1568-1652) wrote down parts of its message. Remarkable neither in size or beauty but famed through its prominent location in the pathway of tens of thousands of tourists and school children, this fragment of a runestone is one of three runestone found in the old town. As preserved written records from the old town give no hints of a developed knowledge in writing and reading runes in Stockholm and as these stones are to heavy to be transported very far, they are believed to have been brought in from the surrounding rural outskirts of the city, presumably from any of the Iron Age settlements of which traces have been discovered on both Norrmalm and Södermalm and considerably older than the city itself.cite book
title = Upptaget - Sankt Eriks årsbok 2002 | year = 2002
language = Swedish | author = Laila Kitzler Åhfeldt, Magnus Källström
publisher = Samfundet Sankt Erik, Stockholm City Museum, Museum of Medieval Stockholm
location = Stockholm | id = ISBN 91-974091-1-1
pages = 172-180 | chapter = Stockholmsrunor och en huggspårsanalys av runstenen vid Prästgatan]

About half a metre tall and richly decorated with a arabesque of winding loops, the body of the dragon still carries fragments of the commemorative message: "Torsten and Frögunn had the stone erected after their son", the name of the latter lost to eternity. While the stone is not signed and its style can not be associated with any known carver, it is typical for stones carved in Uppland, north of Stockholm, during the later part of the 11th century. An interesting detail is the cross-shaped engraving on centre right, probably added to the stone after its completion to underline its Christian message.

A laser range scanner analysis of the stone was made by Laila Kitzler Åhfeldt and Magnus Källström in 2000. 16 scans of individual grooves on the stone were processed mathematically to produce 3D-charts. These unveiled statistical differences in the depth and shapes of the grooves, variations interpreted as stroke patterns from more than one carver. The result showed the ornaments of the stone were most likely cut by an experienced master (deep grooves, regular stroke pattern) and a less proficient apprentice (more shallow grooves, irregular strokes), while the cross shape might very well have been added after the stone was erected (when the weight of the mason tools quickly makes the cutting awkward). The stone on Prästgatan is however both damaged and shabby, and as the laser analysis have proven an accuracy of about 80 per cent on freshly cut stones, the analysis is far from certain.

A second runestone found in the old town, U 274, originally located in a wall by the southern city gate near Slussen, is today kept in the Museum of Medieval Stockholm. It contains the words "Karl and Adisla had [this stone] erected [after] Arnsil, [their] father" and is similar in style to stones found in Södermanland south of Stockholm. The third runestone, U 54, is today lost but was once located in a stairway in the church Riddarholmskyrkan

See also

* History of Stockholm

References

External references

* [http://christerhamp.se/runor/gamla/so/so274.html Christer Hamp - Image of the runestone found at Södersluss (Sö 274)]