Open quantum system

In physics, an open quantum system is a quantum system which is found to be in interaction with an external quantum system, the environment. The open quantum system can be viewed as a distinguished part of a larger closed quantum system, the other part being the environment.

Open quantum systems are an important concept in quantum optics, measurement in quantum mechanics, quantum statistical mechanics, quantum information science, quantum cosmology and semiclassical approximations.

References

1. Accardi L., Lu Y.G., Volovich I.V. Quantum Theory and Its Stochastic Limit. — New York: Springer Verlag, 2002.
2. Alicki R., Lendi K. Quantum Dynamical Semigroups and Applications. — Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1987.
3. Attal S., Joye A., Pillet C.-A. Open Quantum Systems: The Markovian Approach. — Springer, 2006.
4. Breuer, Heinz-Peter; F. Petruccione (2007). The Theory of Open Quantum Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-199-21390-9. 
5. Davies E. B. Quantum Theory of Open Systems. Academic Press, London, 1976. ISBN: 0122061500 9780122061509
6. Ingarden R.S., Kossakowski A., Ohya M. Information Dynamics and Open Systems: Classical and Quantum Approach. — New York: Springer Verlag, 1997.
7. Lindblad G. Non-Equilibrium Entropy and Irreversibility. Delta Reidel,. — Dordrecht: 1983. — ISBN 1-40-200320-X
8. Tarasov V.E. Quantum Mechanics of Non-Hamiltonian and Dissipative Systems.. — Amsterdam, Boston, London, New York: Elsevier Science, 2008.
9. Weiss U. Quantum Dissipative Systems. — Singapore: World Scientific, 1993.

See also

Lindblad equation