A Journey Beyond the Three Seas
- A Journey Beyond the Three Seas
"A Journey Beyond the Three Seas" ( _ru. Хожение за три моря, "Khozheniye za tri morya") is a Russian literary monument in the form of travel notes, made by a merchant from Tver Afanasiy Nikitin during his journey to India in 1466-1472.
"A Journey Beyond the Three Seas" was the first Russian literary work to depict a strictly commercial, non-religious trip. The author visited the Caucasus, Persia, India and the Crimea. However, most of the notes are dedicated to India, its political structure, trade, agriculture, customs and ceremonies. The work is full of lyrical digressions and autobiographic passages. Its last page is in Turkic and the broken Arabic language; these are, in fact, typical Muslim prayers, indicating that Nikitin probably converted to Islam while he was in India, although his lapse from Christianity bothered him as he mentions several times in the text. [For a translation of Nikitin's account, see Richard H. Major, ed. "The Travels of Athanasius Nikitin," tr. Mikhail M. Wielhorsky. In India "in the Fifteenth Century". Hakluyt Society, ser. 1. volume 22. (London: Hakluyt Society, 1857). For a historical and literary analysis of the text, see Gail Lenhoff and Janet Martin "The Commercial and Cultural Context of Afanasij Nikitin's Journey Beyond Three Seas." Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas 37, No. 3 (1989):321 - 344; See also Janet Martin, "Muscovite Travelling Merchants: The Trade with the Muslim East (Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries)." Central Asian Studies 4, No. 3 (1985):21 - 38.]
In 1475, the manuscript made its way to Moscow into the hands of a government official Vasili Mamyrev. Later on, it was incorporated into the annalistic code of 1489, the Sofia Second Chronicle and the Lvov Chronicle.
References
External links
* [http://lib.pushkinskijdom.ru/Default.aspx?tabid=5068 Full text of "A Journey Beyond Three Seas"]
* [http://www.russian-centre-mumbai.org/history.htm English translation of "A Journey Beyond Three Seas"]
Wikimedia Foundation.
2010.
Look at other dictionaries:
The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket — … Wikipedia
The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen timeline — The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen is an ongoing graphic novel series written by Alan Moore and illustrated by Kevin O Neill. The primary commentator on the League of Extraordinary Gentlemen series (hereto after in this article referred to as… … Wikipedia
The Wizard of Oz (1939 film) — The Wizard of Oz Theatrical release poster Directed by Victor Fleming Uncredited: Norman Taurog Richard Thorpe … Wikipedia
The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader — This article is about the film. For the novel, see The Voyage of the Dawn Treader. The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader Theatrical poster Di … Wikipedia
The Blue Planet — Infobox nature documentary bgcolour = show name = The Blue Planet caption = Series title card picture format = 16:9/4:3 when aired on Animal Planet audio format = Stereo runtime = 50 minutes creator = developer = producer = executive producer =… … Wikipedia
The Tenth Power — Infobox Book | name = The Waterless Sea title orig = translator = image caption = Cover art for The Tenth Power author = Kate Constable illustrator = cover artist = Matt Manley country = Australia language = English series = The Chanters of… … Wikipedia
The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath — The Dream Quest of Unknown Kadeth Author(s) H. P. Lovecraft Country … Wikipedia
List of Russian explorers — The Russian Empire at its peak in 1866, including the spheres of influence; this territorial expansion largely corresponds to the extent of contiguous exploration by Russians. This is a list of explorers from the Russian Federation, Soviet Union … Wikipedia
Voyage of the James Caird — The voyage of the James Caird was an open boat journey which took place following the abandonment of Sir Ernest Shackleton s Imperial Trans Antarctic Expedition, after the loss of its ship, Endurance , in October 1915. The ship had been crushed… … Wikipedia
Age of Discovery — The Age of Discovery or Age of Exploration was a period from the early 15th century and continuing into the early 17th century, during which Europeans explored the world by ocean searching for trading partners and particular trade goods. The most … Wikipedia
