Reciprocity (international relations)
- Reciprocity (international relations)
In international relations and treaties, the principle of reciprocity states that favours, benefits, or penalties that are granted by one state to the citizens or legal entities of another, should be returned in kind.
For example, reciprocity has been used in the reduction of tariffs, the grant of copyrights to foreign authors, the mutual recognition and enforcement of judgments, and the relaxation of travel restrictions and visa requirements.
The principle of reciprocity also governs agreements on extradition.
pecific and diffuse reciprocity
Several theorists have drawn a distinction between "specific" forms of reciprocity and "diffuse reciprocity" (Keohane 1986). Whilst specific reciprocity is exemplified by international trade negotiations, as suggested above, diffuse reciprocity points to a wider institutionalisation of trust. Through consistent cooperation in an "international society", states are seen as building generally accepted standards of behaviour. These general standards exert their own normative pressure on state action, contributing to the development of long-term obligations between states which stress cooperation. Thus in a system of diffuse reciprocity, states need not seek the immediate benefit guaranteed by specific reciprocity, but can act in the confidence that their cooperative actions will be repaid in the long run.
ee also
* Comity
References
* Keohane, Robert O. (1986), “Reciprocity in international relations”, in International Organisation, Vol.40, No.1.
Further reading
*cite book|last= Ankerl |first= Guy |title= Global communication without universal civilization |origdate= |origyear= 2000 |series= INU societal research |volume= Vol.1: Coexisting contemporary civilizations : Arabo-Muslim, Bharati, Chinese, and Western |publisher= INU Press |location= Geneva |isbn= 2-88155-004-5 |pages= `
Wikimedia Foundation.
2010.
Look at other dictionaries:
international relations — a branch of political science dealing with the relations between nations. [1970 75] * * * Study of the relations of states with each other and with international organizations and certain subnational entities (e.g., bureaucracies and political… … Universalium
Reciprocity — may refer to: Reciprocity (Canadian politics) Reciprocity (photography), the relationship between the intensity of the light and duration of the exposure that result in identical exposure Traffic violations reciprocity where non resident drivers… … Wikipedia
Reciprocity Treaty — There have been a number of Reciprocity Treaties, including:*the Canadian American Reciprocity Treaty of 1855 *the Reciprocity Treaty of 1875 between the United States and the Hawaiian Kingdom *the Inter American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance… … Wikipedia
international trade — Introduction economic transactions that are made between countries. Among the items commonly traded are consumer goods, such as television sets and clothing; capital goods, such as machinery; and raw materials and food. Other transactions… … Universalium
International copyright relations of Russia — The international copyright relations of Russia were virtually non existent in Tsarist Russia and during much of the history of the Soviet Union. Under the Tsars, only a few bilateral copyright treaties with other nations were concluded; these… … Wikipedia
international law — the body of rules that nations generally recognize as binding in their conduct toward one another. Also called law of nations. Cf. private international law, public international law. [1830 40] * * * Body of legal rules, norms, and standards that … Universalium
Reciprocity (cultural anthropology) — In cultural anthropology and sociology, reciprocity is a way of defining people s informal exchange of goods and labour; that is, people s informal economic systems. It is the basis of most non market economies. Since virtually all humans live in … Wikipedia
International commercial law — is the body of law that governs international sale transactions. [Mo, John S.; International Commercial Law (2003) 1.] A transaction will qualify to be international if elements of more than one country are involved. [Pryles, Jeff Waincymer, and… … Wikipedia
Reciprocity (social and political philosophy) — The social norm of reciprocity is the expectation that people will respond to each other in similar ways responding to gifts and kindnesses from others with similar benevolence of their own, and responding to harmful, hurtful acts from others… … Wikipedia
International Court of Justice — ICJ redirects here. For the commission, see International Commission of Jurists. World Court redirects here. For other uses, see World Court (disambiguation). Not to be confused with the International Criminal Court. International Court of… … Wikipedia
