- CAGE questionnaire
The CAGE questionnaire, the name of which is an
acronym of its four questions, is a widely used method of screening foralcoholism .Quotation|Two "yes" responses indicate that the respondent should be investigated further.
The questionnaire asks the following questions:
# Have you ever felt you needed to Cut down on your drinking?
# Have people Annoyed you by criticizing your drinking?
# Have you ever felt Guilty about drinking?
# Have you ever felt you needed a drink first thing in the morning (Eye-opener) to steady your nerves or to get rid of a hangover? [Ewing, John A. “Detecting Alcoholism: The CAGE Questionnaire” "JAMA" 252: 1905-1907, 1984] [ [http://www.lifewisewa.com/pdfs/012695.pdf CAGE Questionnaire] (PDF)]The CAGE questionnaire, among other methods, has been extensively validated for use in identifying alcoholism. [cite journal |author=Kitchens JM |title=Does this patient have an alcohol problem? |journal=JAMA |volume=272 |issue=22 |pages=1782–7 |year=1994 |pmid=7966928 |doi=10.1001/jama.272.22.1782] CAGE is considered a validated screening technique, with one study determining that it CAGE test scores >=2 had a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 76% for the identification of problem drinkers. [cite journal |author=Bernadt, MW |title=Comparison of questionnaire and laboratory tests in the detection of excessive drinking and alcoholism |journal=Lancet |volume=6 |issue=8267 |pages=325–8 |year=1982 |pmid=6120322 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(82)91579-3]
It is not valid for diagnosis of other substance use disorders, although somewhat modified versions of the CAGE are frequently implemented for such a purpose.
References
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