Meena Alexander

Meena Alexander (born 1951) is an internationally acclaimed poet, scholar, and writer. Born in Allahabad, India, and raised in India and Sudan, Alexander lives and works in New York City, where she is Distinguished Professor of English at Hunter College in the MFA program in Creative Writing and at the CUNY Graduate Center in the PhD program in English.^[1] She is the author of numerous collections of poetry, literary memoirs, essays, and works of fiction and literary criticism.

Biography

Meena Alexander was born into a Syrian Christian family from Kerala, South India.^[2] She lived in Allahabad and Kerala until she was almost five when her father’s work—as a scientist for the Indian government—took the family to Khartoum in newly independent Sudan.^[3] In 1964, when she was only thirteen, Alexander enrolled in Khartoum University, where she studied English and French literature. There she wrote her first poems, which were translated into Arabic and published in a local newspaper. After graduating with a BA Honors from Khartoum University in 1969, she moved to England and began doctoral study at Nottingham University. She earned a PhD in English in 1973—at the age of twenty-two—with a dissertation in Romantic literature that she would later develop and publish as The Poetic Self.^[3] She then moved to India and taught at several universities, including the University of Delhi and the University of Hyderabad.^[4] During the five years she lived in India she published her first three books of poetry: The Bird's Bright Ring (1976), I Root My Name (1977), and Without Place (1978). In 1979 she was a visiting fellow at the University of Paris-Sorbonne. The following year she moved to New York City and became an assistant professor at Fordham University, where she remained until 1987 when she became an assistant professor in the English Department at Hunter College, the City University of New York (CUNY).^[3] Two years later she joined the graduate faculty of the PhD program in English at the CUNY Graduate Center. In 1992 she was made full professor of English and Women’s Studies. She was appointed Distinguished Professor of English in 1999 and continues to teach in the PhD program at the Graduate Center and the MFA program at Hunter College. Over the years she has also taught poetry in the Writing Division in the School of the Arts at Columbia University.^[4] Since moving to New York, Alexander has been a prolific author, publishing six more volumes of poetry, two books of literary criticism, two books of lyric essays, two novels, and a memoir.

Alexander is known for lyrical writing that deals with migration, its impact on the subjectivity of the writer, and the sometimes violent events that compel people to cross borders.^[5] Though confronting such stark and difficult issues, her writing is sensual, polyglot, and maintains a generous spirit.^[1] About her work, Maxine Hong Kingston has said: "Meena Alexander sings of countries, foreign and familiar, places where the heart and spirit live, and places for which one needs a passport and visas. Her voice guides us far away and back home. The reader sees her visions and remembers and is uplifted."^[1] Alexander has been influenced and mentored by the Indian poets Jayanta Mahapatra and Kamala Das, as well as the American poets Adrienne Rich and Galway Kinnell.

Among her best known works are the volumes of poetry Illiterate Heart (2002) and Raw Silk (2004).^[5] Her latest volume of poetry is Quickly Changing River (2008).^[3] She has edited a volume of poems in the Everyman Series, Indian Love Poems (2005), and published a volume of essays and poems on the themes of migration and memory called The Shock of Arrival: Reflections on Postcolonial Experience (2006). In 1993 Alexander published her autobiographical memoir, Fault Lines (significantly revised in 2003 to incorporate new material).^[3] She has published two novels, Nampally Road (1991)—which was a Village Voice Literary Supplement Editor’s Choice—and Manhattan Music (1997), and two academic studies, The Poetic Self (1979) and Women in Romanticism (1989). Fault Lines was chosen by Publishers Weekly as one of the best books of the year in 1993. Illiterate Heart won the 2002 PEN Open Book Award.^[5]

Alexander has read at Poetry International (London), Struga Poetry Evenings, Poetry Africa, Calabash Festival, Harbor Front Festival, Sahitya Akademi (India) and other international gatherings.^[6] She has received awards from the Guggenheim Foundation, Fulbright Foundation, Rockefeller Foundation, Arts Council England, National Endowment for the Humanities, American Council of Learned Societies, National Council for Research on Women, New York State Council on the Arts, New York Foundation for the Arts, Ledig-Rowohlt Foundation. She was in residence at the MacDowell Colony and has held the Martha Walsh Pulver residency for a poet at Yaddo. She has been a Visiting Fellow at the Sorbonne (Paris IV), Frances Wayland Collegium Lecturer at Brown University, Writer in Residence at the Center for American Culture Studies at Columbia University, University Grants Commission Fellow at Kerala University, and Writer in Residence at the National University of Singapore. In 1998 she was a Member of the Jury for the Neustadt International Prize for Literature. She has served as an Elector, American Poets Corner, at the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine, New York.^[6] She was the recipient of the 2009 Literary Excellence Award from the South Asian Literary Association (an organization allied to the Modern Languages Association) for contributions to American literature.^[7]

Her new book, Poetics of Dislocation, was published in 2009 by the University of Michigan Press as part of its Poets on Poetry Series. Also in 2009 Cambridge Scholars Publishing brought out an anthology of scholarship on her work titled Passage to Manhattan: Critical Essays on Meena Alexander.

Nampally Road

In this semi-autobiographical novel, set in Indian during the civil unrest of the 1970s, a young English teacher named Mira returns from school in England to take a teaching job in Hyderabad. The plot develops around the arrest and torture of an innocent bystander, Rameeza, whose plight inspires the local activists, one of whom is Mira's boyfriend and fellow teacher, Ramu. Meanwhile, Mira's mentor, Durgabai, resists oppression by ministering at a local shelter to victimized women. Mira wonders how to reconcile the world she lives in with her job teaching English Romantic poetry and eventually leaves the school to help free Rameeza; she aligns with Durgabai and rejects the type of nationalism that sees victimized women as opportunities instead of as people.

Published works

Poetry

• Stone Roots (New Delhi, (1980)
• House of a Thousand Doors (1988)
• The Storm: A Poem in Five Parts (Short Work Series) (1989)
• Night-Scene: The Garden (Short Work Series) (1992)
• River and Bridge (1995/ 1996)
• Illiterate Heart (2002)
• Raw Silk (2004)
• Quickly Changing River ( 2008)

Poetry and essays

• The Shock of Arrival: Reflections on Postcolonial Experience (1996)
• Poetics of Dislocation (University of Michigan Press, 2009)

Autobiography

• Fault Lines (1993/new expanded edition 2003)

Novels

• Nampally Road (1991)
• Manhattan Music (1997)

Criticism

• Women in Romanticism: Mary Wollstonecraft, Dorothy Wordsworth and Mary Shelley (1989)
• The Poetic Self: Towards a Phenomenology of Romanticism (1979)

Prefaces and introductory notes

• Foreword to Indian Love Poems (Everyman’s Library/Knopf, 2005)
• 'Buried Voices': Preface to Cast Me Out If You Will!: Stories and Memoir Pieces by Lalithambika Antherjanam (New York: Feminist Press, 1998)
• 'Bodily Inventions: A Note on the Poems' Guest Poetry Editor to 'The Body' -- Special Issue of The Asian Pacific American Journal vol.5 no.1, spring/summer 1996
• 'Translating Violence' Foreword to Blood into Ink, Twentieth Century South Asian and Middle Eastern Women Write War, eds. Miriam Cooke and Roshni Rustomji-Kerns ( Boulder: Westview Press, Spring l994)
• Introduction to Truth Tales : Stories by Contemporary Indian Women Writers (New York: Feminist Press, Fall 1990) Editors Choice of Publisher's Weekly, 1990

Edited works

• Indian Love Poems (2005)

Further reading

• Passage to Manhattan: Critical Essays on Meena Alexander. Eds. Lopamudra Basu and Cynthia Leenerts. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009.
• Ali, Zainab and Dharini Rashish. "Meena Alexander." In Words Matter: Conversations with Asian American Writers. Ed. King-Kok Cheung. Honolulu, HI: U of Hawaii P, with UCLA Asian American Studies Center; 2000. 69-91.
• Maan, Ajit K. "Fault Lines." In Internarrative Identity. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1999. 19-38.
• Nanda, Aparajita. "Of a 'Voice' and 'Bodies': A Postcolonial Critique of Meena Alexander's Nampally Road. In Bodies and Voices: the Force-Field of Representation and Discourse in Colonial and Postcolonial Studies. Ed. Merete Falck Borch, Eva Rask, And Bruce Clunies Ross. New York and Amsterdam: Rodopi Press, 2008. 119-125.
• Poddar, Prem. "Questions of Location: A Conversation with Meena Alexander." HIMAL South Asia 14.1 (Jan. 2001). ([1]).
• Ponzanesi, Sandra. "The Shock of Arrival: Meena Alexander, Fault Lines." In Paradoxes of Postcolonial Culture: Contemporary Women Writers of the Indian and Afro-Italian Diaspora. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2005. 51-64.
• Pope, Jacquelyn. "Raw Silk by Meena Alexander." Harvard Review 28 (Spring 2005) ([2]).
• Shankar, Lavina Dhingra. "Postcolonial Diasporics 'Writing in Search of a Homeland': Meena Alexander's Manhattan Music, Fault Lines, and The Shock of Arrival." LIT 12 (2001): 285-312.
• Tabios, Eileen. "Gold Horizon: Interview with Meena Alexander." In Black Lightning: Poetry in Progress. Ed. Eileen Tabios. New York: Asian American Writers Workshop, 1998. 196-226.
• Young, Jeffrey. "Creating a Life through Literature." Chronicle of Higher Education (14 March 1997): B8.

Bibliographic listings (selected list)

• Cambridge Guide to Literature in English (Cambridge University Press, 1993)
• Interethnic Companion to Asian American Literature (Cambridge University Press, 1997)
• Oxford Companion to Twentieth Century Literature in English (Oxford University Press, 1996)
• Oxford Companion to Women's Writing in the United States (Oxford University Press, 1995)
• Women Writers in the United States: A Timeline of Literary, Cultural and Social History (Oxford University Press, 1996)

External links

• Academy of American Poets
• Meena Alexander's Official Website
• Guggenheim Foundation Fellows
• CUNY Graduate Center PhD Program in English
• CUNY Profile, Distinguished Professors
• Encyclopedia Britannica
• Poetry International (India)
• BBC Chronology
• "Zone of Radical Illiteracy: Poem Out of Place" by Meena Alexander in The Scholar and Feminist Online—Writing Towards Hope
• Poems from Raw Silk in Studio
• Introduction to Passage to Manhattan: Critical Essays on Meena Alexander
• "The Poet in the Public Sphere: A Conversation with Meena Alexander"
• Interview with Ruth Maxey

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b c} Academy of American Poets
2. ^ Ponzanesi, Sandra. "Alexander, Meena." Cambridge Guide to Women's Writings in English. Ed. Lorna Sage, Germaine Greer, and Elaine Showalter. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge, 1999. 10. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 28 Feb. 2010.
3. ^ ^{a b c d e} CUNY Profile, Distinguished Professors
4. ^ ^{a b} "Meena Alexander." Gale Online Encyclopedia. Detroit: Gale, 2010. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 28 Feb. 2010.
5. ^ ^{a b c} Guggenheim Foundation Fellows
6. ^ ^{a b} CUNY Faculty Bio
7. ^ Recognitions - Creative Writing at CUNY

References

• Academy of American Poets
• CUNY Faculty Bio
• CUNY Profile, Distinguished Professors
• Guggenheim Foundation Fellows
• Guiyou Huang, ed., Asian-American Poets: A Bio-Bibliographical Critical Sourcebook (Greenwood Press, 2002)
• Maxey, Ruth. “An Interview With Meena Alexander”, The Kenyon Review 28.1 (Winter 2006), 187-194.
• Maxey, Ruth. “Interview: Meena Alexander”, MELUS 30.2 (Summer 2006), 21-39.
• "Meena Alexander." Gale Online Encyclopedia. Detroit: Gale, 2010. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 28 Feb. 2010.
• Meena Alexander's Official Website
• Passage to Manhattan: Critical Essays on Meena Alexander. Eds. Lopamudra Basu and Cynthia Leenerts. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009.
• Ponzanesi, Sandra. "Alexander, Meena." Cambridge Guide to Women's Writings in English. Ed. Lorna Sage, Germaine Greer, and Elaine Showalter. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge, 1999. 10. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 28 Feb. 2010.

Persondata
Name	Alexander, Meena
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Date of birth	1951
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