Annwn

Annwn or Annwfn (Middle Welsh "Annwvn", sometimes inaccurately written "Annwyn, Annwyfn" or "Annwfyn") was the Otherworld in Welsh mythology. Ruled by Arawn, or much later by Gwynn ap Nudd, it was essentially a world of delights and eternal youth where disease is absent and food is ever-abundant. It later became Christianised and identified with the land of souls that had departed this world.

Name and etymology

Middle Welsh sources suggest that the term was recognised as meaning "very deep" in medieval times (Sims-Williams 1990). The appearance of a form "antumnos" on an ancient Gaulish curse tablet, however, suggests that the original term may have been *"ande-dubnos", a common Gallo-Brittonic word that literally meant "underworld" (Lambert 2003). The Modern Welsh spelling "Annwn" is pronounced|ˈanːʊn "AN-oon".

ources

In the First Branch of the Mabinogi, entitled "Pwyll, Prince of Dyfed", the eponymous prince offends Arawn, ruler of Annwn, by baiting his hunting hounds on a stag that Arawn's dogs had brought down. In recompense he exchanges places with Arawn for a year and defeats Arawn's enemy Hafgan. Meanwhile, Arawn rules Dyfed. During this year, Pwyll does not sleep with Arawn's wife, earning himself gratitude from Arawn. On his return, Pwyll becomes known by the title "Penn Annwn", "Head (or Ruler) of Annwn."

In "Culhwch and Olwen", an early Welsh Arthurian tale, it is said God gave Gwyn ap Nudd control over the demons lest "this world be destroyed." He led the Wild Hunt. A Christian story tells of the Welsh Saint Collen entering Gwynn's palace to banish him with holy water.

In the "Book of Taliesin", an esoteric poem called 'Preiddeu Annwfn' (conventionally translated 'The Spoils of Annwn') on its face tells a tale of Arthur and his knights traveling through Annwn, searching for a magical cauldron possessed by nine women. Only seven come back from the journey. It may be a precursor of later Holy Grail stories involving King Arthur and his knights. Scholars say the spelling in the text of the poem is 10th century. But Welsh poetry was for centuries transmitted orally by the bards and storytellers and it is possible that the tradition behind the poem dates back to the 6th century, the period of Taliesin, or earlier; however the poem itself is not regarded as the work of the historical Taliesin.

Neo-druidism

Some people have claimed that the door to Annwn was at the mouth of the Severn near Lundy Island or on Glastonbury TorFact|date=November 2007. Glastonbury has been interpreted by some as a sacred "Isle of the Dead", and is also revered as a place where saints and kings are buried. Supposedly, on a certain day of the year, this door would open, and the inhabitants would welcome humans in for feasting and celebration, upon the condition that they took nothing back with them to the human realm. This went on until one reveller kept a flower in his pocket. From that day on, the door has remained closed.

ee also

*Cŵn Annwn
*Other World

References

*Lambert, Pierre-Yves. 2003. "La langue gauloise: description linguistique, commentaire d’inscriptions choisies." Paris: Errance. 2nd ed.
*Sims-Williams, Patrick. 1990. Some Celtic otherworld terms. "Celtic Language, Celtic Culture: A Festschrift for Eric P. Hamp", ed. Ann T.E. Matonis and Daniel F. Mela, 57-84. Van Nuys, Ca.: Ford & Bailie.