Rural Reconstruction Movement
- Rural Reconstruction Movement
Started in China in the 1920s by Y.C. James Yen, Liang Shuming, and others to revive the Chinese village. They strove for a middle way, independent of the Nationalist government but in competition with the radical revolutionary approach to the village espoused by Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party.
Yen's Ting Hsien [Ding Xian] Experiment and Liang's school at Zouping, Shandong, were only the earliest and most prominent of hundreds of village projects, educational foundations, and government zones which aimed to change the Chinese countryside. After 1931 the Movement was prominent in building Chinese resistance to Japanese invasions by strengthening the village economy, culture, and political structure. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, Rural Reconstruction activists were at first important, but then were rendered politically irrelevant in the emerging war between the Chinese Communists and the Guomindang.
In 1948, however, James Yen persuaded the American Congress to fund the Sino-American Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction. Before moving to Taiwan, the JCRR carried out land reform and education projects. On Taiwan in the 1950s, the JCRR was key in laying the rural foundation for the quick economic growth of the 1960s and 1970s. In the 1990s, several academics and social reformers started a New Rural Reconstruction Movement, with a station at Ding Xian.
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